Citizens & Northern Corporation Stock price
Is Citizens & Northern Corporation a Top Scorer Stock based on the Dividend, High-Growth-Investing or Leverman Strategy?
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Key metrics
📘 Market Capitalization
📈 What is it?
Market capitalization shows how much a company is currently worth on the stock market.
🧮 How is it calculated?
🏛️ Why is it important?
It helps classify companies by size (Large, Mid, Small Cap) and indicates their market presence and relative stability.
🧮 Calculation
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- Large-cap companies tend to be more stable, often pay dividends, but may grow more slowly.
- Smaller firms may offer higher growth potential but come with more volatility.
- Market capitalization is a useful indicator of company size — but not a measure of whether a stock is undervalued or overvalued.
📘 Enterprise Value (EV)
📈 What is it?
Enterprise Value represents the total cost to acquire a company — including its debt and excluding its cash reserves.
🧮 How is it calculated?
(= Market Cap + Net Debt)
🏛️ Why is it important?
EV gives a more complete picture of a company's value than market cap alone and is used in key valuation ratios like EV/FCF or EV/Sales.
🧮 Calculation
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- Enterprise Value shows the true cost of buying a company, including all financial obligations.
- It is more accurate than just looking at market cap, especially when comparing companies with different levels of debt or cash.
- Professional investors prefer EV-based multiples because they better reflect the company’s full financial footprint.
📘 Net Debt
📈 What is it?
Net Debt shows how much debt remains after subtracting a company’s available cash reserves.
🧮 How is it calculated?
🏛️ Why is it important?
It indicates how dependent a company is on borrowed money and how easily it can service its debt in the short term.
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- Low or negative net debt signals financial strength and flexibility.
- Companies with strong cash positions are better positioned in crises.
- High net debt increases financial risk — especially in environments with rising interest rates or economic downturns.
📘 Cash
📈 What is it?
Cash represents all liquid assets a company can access immediately — including cash, bank deposits, and short-term investments.
🧮 How is it calculated?
🏛️ Why is it important?
It reflects a company’s financial flexibility and resilience — enabling investments, buybacks, or buffer in downturns.
🧮 Calculation
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- A strong cash position means greater room for maneuver and crisis resistance.
- Cash-rich companies can invest, pay down debt, or repurchase shares.
- But excess idle cash might indicate a lack of growth opportunities.
📘 Shares Outstanding
📈 What is it?
Shares outstanding represent the total number of a company’s shares currently held by investors — excluding treasury stock.
🧮 How is it calculated?
🏛️ Why is it important?
It’s the basis for key metrics like Earnings Per Share (EPS), Market Capitalization, or the Price/Earnings ratio (P/E).
🧮 Calculation
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- Fewer shares in circulation typically increase earnings per share — making each share more valuable.
- Share buybacks reduce the number of shares and boost per-share metrics.
- Issuing new shares does the opposite — diluting shareholder value and lowering per-share figures.
📘 Price-to-Earnings Ratio (P/E)
📈 What is it?
The P/E ratio shows how many times a company's earnings per share are reflected in its current share price — in other words, how "expensive" the stock appears relative to its profits.
🧮 How is it calculated?
🏛️ Why is it important?
The P/E ratio is one of the most widely used valuation metrics. It helps investors assess whether a stock appears cheap or expensive compared to its earnings power.
🧮 Calculation
📊 P/E (TTM) = Based on earnings from the last 12 months (Trailing Twelve Months):🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- A low P/E may indicate undervaluation — or signal underlying issues.
- A high P/E may reflect strong growth expectations — or an overvalued stock.
📘 Price-to-Sales Ratio (P/S)
📈 What is it?
The P/S ratio shows how much investors are paying for $1 of the company’s revenue – regardless of profitability.
🧮 How is it calculated?
🏛️ Why is it important?
P/S is especially useful for evaluating growth companies or businesses not yet profitable. It reflects how the market values the company’s sales.
🧮 Calculation
Market Cap = $465.05m | Revenue (TTM) = $132.37m
Market Cap = $465.05m | Estimated Revenue = $120.26m
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- A low P/S may indicate undervaluation — or low profitability.
- A high P/S can reflect strong growth expectations — or excessive optimism.
- Especially helpful when evaluating companies where profits are low, volatile, or negative.
📘 Enterprise Value to Sales (EV/Sales)
📈 What is it?
EV/Sales shows how much investors are paying for $1 of revenue — considering not just equity, but also debt and cash. It’s the capital structure–adjusted version of the P/S ratio.
🧮 How is it calculated?
🏛️ Why is it important?
It’s ideal for comparing companies with different levels of debt. It reflects a company's true cost relative to its revenue.
🧮 Calculation
Enterprise Value = $505.49m | Revenue (TTM) = $132.37m
Enterprise Value = $505.49m | Forward Revenue = $120.26m
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- EV/Sales allows for capital structure–neutral company comparisons.
- A lower ratio may indicate undervaluation; a higher one may signal strong growth expectations or overvaluation.
- Especially helpful when evaluating high-growth companies with low or negative earnings.
📘 Enterprise Value to Free Cash Flow (EV/FCF)
📈 What is it?
EV/FCF shows how many years it would take for a company to "pay back" its enterprise value using its free cash flow.
🧮 How is it calculated?
🏛️ Why is it important?
It focuses on real cash generation, ignoring accounting noise — ideal for assessing profitability and value based on liquidity, not earnings.
🧮 Calculation
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- A low EV/FCF may signal undervaluation and strong cash generation.
- A high EV/FCF might reflect weak recent cash flow or aggressive growth expectations.
- Best suited for stable, mature businesses with predictable free cash flows.
📘 Price-to-Book Ratio (P/B)
📈 What is it?
The P/B ratio compares a company’s market value to its book value — showing how much investors are paying for each dollar of net assets.
🧮 How is it calculated?
🏛️ Why is it important?
P/B is commonly used for asset-heavy industries like banks or industrials. It helps assess whether a stock is trading above or below its net asset value.
🧮 Calculation
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- A P/B below 1 may signal undervaluation — or weak profitability.
- A P/B above 1 implies the market expects future value creation (e.g., brand, IP, growth).
- Best used for companies with tangible assets and strong balance sheets.
📘 Dividend per Share (DPS)
📈 What is it?
Dividend per Share shows how much cash a company pays out to shareholders for each share they own – usually on an annual or quarterly basis.
🧮 How is it calculated?
🏛️ Why is it important?
DPS is the absolute value of the payout per share – crucial for income-focused investors and dividend strategies.
🧮 Calculation
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- A stable or growing DPS often signals a strong, shareholder-friendly business.
- DPS alone doesn’t tell you how attractive the payout is – the stock price also matters (→ see Dividend Yield).
- Long-term dividend growth is often a hallmark of high-quality companies – like the dividend aristocrats.
📘 Dividend Yield
📈 What is it?
Dividend yield shows how large a company’s dividend is in relation to its current share price.
🧮 How is it calculated?
🏛️ Why is it important?
It allows investors to compare dividend payouts across stocks, regardless of price or payout size.
🧮 Calculation
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- A stable yield can reflect reliable distributions.
- Comparing 1Y and 5Y yield shows whether dividend growth keeps pace with stock price appreciation.
- A low yield isn’t always negative – it can signal strong past performance or growth focus.
📘 Dividend Growth
📈 What is it?
Dividend growth shows how much a company has increased its dividend per share over time.
🧮 How is it calculated?
5Y: Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR)
🏛️ Why is it important?
Consistently rising dividends are often a sign of financial strength and shareholder orientation – especially relevant for long-term investors.
🧮 Calculation
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- Stable dividend growth is a sign of sustainable earning power.
- High dividend growth can significantly boost your total return:
- If a company pays $1 in dividends and increases it by 15% annually over 5 years, you’ll receive $2 per share in year 5 – twice as much as at the start!
📘 Payout Ratio
📈 What is it?
The payout ratio shows what percentage of a company’s earnings (per share) is distributed to shareholders as dividends.
🧮 How is it calculated?
🏛️ Why is it important?
It helps assess whether the dividend is sustainable – especially in relation to the company’s profitability.
🧮 Calculation
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- A low payout ratio means the company retains more earnings for reinvestment – typical for growth companies.
- A moderate payout (e.g. 25–50%) indicates a healthy balance between returns and reinvestment.
- High payout ratios may seem attractive but can carry risk if earnings decline.
📘 Consecutive Dividend Increases
📈 What is it?
This metric shows how many consecutive years a company has raised its dividend per share – without any cuts or pauses.
🧮 How is it calculated?
(Special dividends are not considered.)
🏛️ Why is it important?
A long track record of increases reflects financial strength, consistency, and shareholder commitment.
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- A long dividend increase streak builds confidence – especially in volatile markets.
- Such companies are seen as reliable and income-friendly investments.
- The longer the streak, the stronger the company’s dividend discipline.
📘 Revenue
📈 What is it?
Revenue shows how much a company earns in total from selling its products and services – the gross income before any costs are deducted.
🧮 How is it calculated?
🏛️ Why is it important?
Revenue is one of the key figures to assess a company’s size, market position, and growth potential.
🧮 Calculation
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- Growing revenue indicates rising demand and can be an early signal of future earnings growth.
- Comparing actual and expected revenue reveals trends in the market environment and analyst sentiment.
- Note: Strong revenue alone isn’t enough – margins and profitability matter just as much.
📘 EBITDA
📈 What is it?
EBITDA stands for “Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation, and Amortization.” It reflects a company’s operating profit before the effects of financing, taxes, and accounting depreciation.
🧮 How is it calculated?
🏛️ Why is it important?
EBITDA is widely used to evaluate a company’s operating performance – especially across capital-intensive sectors or international comparisons.
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- A high or growing EBITDA indicates strong operational profitability – independent of taxes, interest, or accounting methods.
- It’s especially useful for comparing companies across sectors or geographies.
- Important: EBITDA is not a net income figure – it excludes key costs like depreciation and interest.
📘 EBIT
📈 What is it?
EBIT stands for “Earnings Before Interest and Taxes.” It reflects a company’s operating profit after depreciation, but before interest and tax expenses.
🧮 How is it calculated?
🏛️ Why is it important?
EBIT is a core profitability metric that shows how well the company performs in its main business operations – independent of capital structure and tax environment.
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- A high EBIT indicates strong profitability from the company’s core business – before financial and tax effects.
- It allows better comparison between companies with different debt levels or tax structures.
- Compared to EBITDA, EBIT already accounts for depreciation and reflects capital intensity more clearly.
📘 Net Income
📈 What is it?
Net income is the company’s total profit – the amount left after all expenses, taxes, interest, and depreciation have been deducted.
🧮 How is it calculated?
🏛️ Why is it important?
Net income is the most comprehensive measure of a company’s profitability – showing how much actual profit remains after all business and financing costs.
🧮 Calculation
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- Growing net income indicates that the company is managing all of its costs efficiently.
- It directly influences valuation metrics like P/E ratio and the company’s dividend capacity.
- Over time, net income trends reveal how resilient and profitable the business model really is.
📘 Free Cash Flow (FCF)
📈 What is it?
Free Cash Flow shows how much actual cash remains after a company covers its operating expenses and capital expenditures.
🧮 How is it calculated?
🏛️ Why is it important?
FCF reflects a company’s real financial strength – regardless of accounting profits. It shows how much flexibility a company has for dividends, share buybacks, or debt reduction.
🧮 Calculation
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- High free cash flow means the company generates real, usable cash – independent of reported net income.
- It’s often the most reliable base for sustainable dividends and buybacks.
- Declining FCF can be an early warning sign – even when profits appear stable.
📘 Revenue Growth
📈 What is it?
Revenue growth shows how much a company’s sales have changed compared to the previous year – both on a trailing basis (TTM) and based on forward projections.
🧮 How is it calculated?
Forward = (Expected revenue ÷ Revenue in prior year − 1) × 100
Forward growth is based on analyst estimates for the current fiscal year.
🏛️ Why is it important?
Rising revenue signals growing demand, business expansion, and market share gains – especially important for growth-oriented companies.
🧮 Calculation
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- Growth is the engine of long-term value creation – especially in tech and growth sectors.
- What matters is not just current growth, but its sustainability.
- Forward projections reflect whether analysts expect continued momentum – or a slowdown.
📘 EBITDA Growth
📈 What is it?
EBITDA growth shows how much a company’s operating profit (before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization) has increased or decreased compared to the previous year.
🧮 How is it calculated?
Forward = (Expected EBITDA ÷ EBITDA from prior year − 1) × 100
The forward estimate is based on analyst projections for the current fiscal year.
🏛️ Why is it important?
Growing EBITDA indicates improving operational profitability – regardless of financing or accounting effects.
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- Strong EBITDA growth signals operational efficiency and scalability – especially during growth phases.
- EBITDA growth can be an early indicator of margin and earnings expansion – but should be assessed alongside revenue and EBIT.
📘 EBIT Growth
📈 What is it?
EBIT growth shows how much a company’s operating profit (after depreciation, but before interest and taxes) has increased compared to the previous year.
🧮 How is it calculated?
Forward = (Expected EBIT ÷ EBIT from prior year − 1) × 100
The forward estimate is based on analyst projections for the current fiscal year.
🏛️ Why is it important?
EBIT growth is a direct indicator of a company’s business performance – taking into account capital intensity through depreciation.
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- Rising EBIT signals improving operating profitability – even after accounting for depreciation.
- It’s especially important for evaluating companies with significant capital expenditures.
- Combined with revenue and EBITDA growth, EBIT growth provides a well-rounded view of operational progress.
📘 Net Income Growth
📈 What is it?
Net income growth shows how much a company’s bottom-line profit has increased or decreased compared to the previous year – both on a trailing basis (TTM) and based on analyst projections.
🧮 How is it calculated?
Forward = (Expected net income ÷ Net income from prior year − 1) × 100
The forward estimate reflects analysts’ expectations for the current fiscal year.
🏛️ Why is it important?
Net income is the ultimate measure of profitability. Growing net income signals stronger efficiency, cost control, and sustainable earnings power.
🧮 Calculation
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- Stronger net income boosts valuation, dividend potential, and investor confidence.
- If profits stall while revenue grows, it may signal margin pressure.
📘 Free Cash Flow Growth
📈 What is it?
Free cash flow (FCF) growth shows how a company’s available cash – after covering operating expenses and capital expenditures – has changed compared to the previous year.
🧮 How is it calculated?
🏛️ Why is it important?
Free cash flow reflects real financial strength. Growing FCF indicates more flexibility for dividends, share buybacks, and reinvestment.
🧮 Calculation
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- Declining FCF may point to rising investments, increasing costs, or weaker operating performance.
- Especially for dividend investors, FCF growth is critical – since dividends are paid from actual available cash.
- A negative trend isn't always bad, but it deserves closer attention.
📘 Gross Margin
📈 What is it?
Gross margin shows how much of a company’s revenue remains after deducting the direct costs of goods sold (like materials and production). It represents the company’s “raw profit” before fixed costs, taxes, and interest.
🧮 How is it calculated?
Or simply: Gross Margin = Gross Profit ÷ Revenue × 100
🏛️ Why is it important?
Gross margin indicates how efficiently a company can produce or procure what it sells. It is a key measure of product-level profitability and pricing power.
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- A high gross margin suggests strong pricing power and efficient production.
- Falling margins may signal rising input costs or competitive pressure.
- Compared to peers, gross margin offers insights into the quality of a business model.
📘 EBITDA Margin
📈 What is it?
The EBITDA margin shows how much of a company’s revenue remains as operating profit before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization.It reflects operating efficiency without being distorted by financing or accounting factors.
🧮 How is it calculated?
🏛️ Why is it important?
The EBITDA margin reveals how much operating income a company generates per dollar of revenue – independent of capital structure and tax effects.
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- A high EBITDA margin reflects strong core profitability – before accounting distortions.
- It allows for effective comparisons across companies and sectors.
- A stable or growing margin signals efficient cost control and business scalability.
📘 EBIT Margin
📈 What is it?
The EBIT margin shows what percentage of revenue remains as operating profit after depreciation but before interest and taxes.
🧮 How is it calculated?
🏛️ Why is it important?
The EBIT margin reflects a company’s core profitability while accounting for capital intensity (e.g. machinery, infrastructure). It’s especially useful for comparing businesses with different levels of depreciation.
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- A high EBIT margin shows that the company remains efficient even after factoring in depreciation.
- It’s especially relevant for capital-intensive industries.
- Stable or rising EBIT margins over time are a strong indicator of pricing power and business quality.
📘 Net margin
📈 What is it?
Net margin shows how much of a company’s revenue remains as bottom-line profit after deducting all costs, interest, taxes, and depreciation.
🧮 How is it calculated?
🏛️ Why is it important?
Net margin reflects a company’s overall efficiency – across operations, financing, and taxation. It shows how much actual profit is generated from each dollar of revenue.
🧮 Calculation
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- A high net margin means the company is not only strong operationally but also manages financing and taxes efficiently.
- Peer comparisons reveal business quality and competitiveness.
- Declining margins despite revenue growth can be a red flag for rising costs or inefficiencies.
📘 Free cash flow margin
📈 What is it?
The free cash flow (FCF) margin shows how much of a company’s revenue remains as actual free cash after covering all operating expenses and capital expenditures.
🧮 How is it calculated?
🏛️ Why is it important?
This margin reflects the true liquidity generated by the business – independent of accounting rules or depreciation. It’s especially relevant for dividends, buybacks, and reinvestment decisions.
🧮 Calculation
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- A high FCF margin means a company consistently generates strong cash flow.
- It’s a positive signal for financial stability and shareholder returns.
- The long-term trend is key – a declining margin may indicate rising investments or weakening operating efficiency.
📘 Equity Ratio
📈 What is it?
The equity ratio indicates what portion of a company’s total assets is financed by shareholders’ equity – in other words, how much it relies on its own capital.
🧮 How is it calculated?
🏛️ Why is it important?
A high equity ratio reflects financial strength and stability, especially during downturns. It’s a key indicator of a company’s solvency and long-term risk profile.
🧮 Calculation
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- Companies with high equity ratios are generally more resilient and less dependent on external debt.
- Low equity ratios can signal higher risk or aggressive financial strategies.
- Important: Always assess the equity ratio in combination with the return on equity (ROE). This shows not just how stable the company is – but also how efficiently it uses shareholder capital.
📘 Return on Equity (ROE)
📈 What is it?
Return on equity (ROE) shows how efficiently a company uses its shareholders’ equity to generate profit. In other words: how much net income is earned per dollar of equity.
🧮 How is it calculated?
🏛️ Why is it important?
ROE is a core profitability metric. It helps investors understand whether a company delivers attractive returns on the capital provided by its shareholders.
🧮 Calculation
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- A high ROE indicates that the company is using its capital efficiently and profitably.
- It’s especially meaningful for capital-intensive businesses or firms with high equity bases.
- Important: A very high ROE can also result from high debt levels – always interpret it alongside the equity ratio to assess financial health.
📘 Return on Capital Employed (ROCE)
📈 What is it?
ROCE measures how efficiently a company generates profits from its total capital – including both equity and interest-bearing debt.
🧮 How is it calculated?
It evaluates the return on all capital employed, regardless of how it’s financed.
🏛️ Why is it important?
ROCE is ideal for comparing companies with different financing structures. It shows how well management uses capital to create value for both shareholders and creditors.
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- A high ROCE means the company uses its capital efficiently – regardless of whether it's funded by debt or equity.
- The higher the ROCE compared to peers, the more value the company creates with its invested capital.
- Especially relevant for capital-intensive sectors like industrials, energy, or infrastructure.
📘 Return on Invested Capital (ROIC)
📈 What is it?
ROIC measures how efficiently a company generates returns from the capital invested in its core operations – regardless of whether the capital comes from equity or debt.
🧮 How is it calculated?
- NOPAT = Net Operating Profit After Taxes
- Invested Capital = Operating assets minus non-interest-bearing liabilities
🏛️ Why is it important?
ROIC is one of the most accurate indicators of capital efficiency. Unlike return on equity, it is not distorted by leverage and shows how much value is created for all capital providers.
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- A high ROIC shows how effectively a company uses the capital that is truly invested in its core operations.
- Unlike ROCE, ROIC focuses only on the capital that is actively used to run the business – and that requires a return (i.e. interest-bearing).
- Especially useful when comparing companies with large amounts of excess cash or non-interest-bearing liabilities – giving a more realistic picture of capital efficiency.
📘 Leverage Ratio (Debt-to-Equity)
📈 What is it?
The leverage ratio indicates how much a company relies on interest-bearing debt (such as loans and bonds) relative to its shareholders’ equity.
🧮 How is it calculated?
🏛️ Why is it important?
This ratio helps assess a company’s financial structure and risk profile. High leverage can enhance returns – but also increases exposure to interest rate changes and financial stress.
🧮 Calculation
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- A low leverage ratio signals financial strength and independence.
- A higher ratio can improve returns in good times but increases risk during downturns or rising interest rate periods.
- 👉 Always interpret in the context of industry, capital intensity, and interest rate environment.
📘 Earnings per share (EPS)
📈 What is it?
Earnings per Share (EPS) shows how much profit is attributable to a single share – and is one of the most important metrics for evaluating a company's performance.
🧮 How is it calculated?
The diluted share count reflects potential new shares that could be issued through options, convertible bonds, or other rights.
🏛️ Why is it important?
EPS is the basis for many key valuation metrics like P/E ratio, PEG ratio, or payout ratio. It enables comparisons of profitability across companies, regardless of their size.
🧮 Calculation
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- EPS captures per-share profitability and is especially useful for comparisons over time or with analyst estimates.
- Rising EPS may signal consistent growth or share buybacks.
- Important: Always use diluted EPS for more realistic valuations – especially in companies with stock-based compensation.
📘 Free cash flow per share (FCF per share)
📈 What is it?
Free Cash Flow per Share shows how much free cash flow a company generates per outstanding share – after investments, but before dividends or debt repayments.
🧮 How is it calculated?
Free cash flow is calculated as operating cash flow minus capital expenditures (CapEx).
🏛️ Why is it important?
FCF per Share reveals how much real cash is available per share – useful for dividends, buybacks, or reducing debt. Unlike net income, free cash flow is harder to manipulate and often seen as a more reliable metric.
🧮 Calculation
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- High FCF per share signals strong financial flexibility.
- It shows how much capital the company can effectively reinvest or return to shareholders.
- Particularly relevant for dividend payers and capital-efficient businesses.
📘 Short interest
📈 What is it?
Short interest indicates how many shares of a company are currently sold short – that is, borrowed and sold by investors who expect the price to decline.
🧮 How is it calculated?
It reflects the percentage of a company’s shares that are being shorted relative to the total shares available.
🏛️ Why is it important?
Short interest serves as a sentiment indicator: A high value may signal skepticism or bearish expectations – but also increases the potential for a short squeeze if prices rise unexpectedly.
🧮 Calculation
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- Low short interest usually indicates market confidence in the company.
- High short interest can be a warning sign – or an opportunity if sentiment shifts.
- Especially relevant in volatile markets or ahead of key earnings releases.
📘 Employees
📈 What is it?
The employee count shows how many people a company employs worldwide – offering insights into its size, structure, and business model.
🧮 How is it calculated?
🏛️ Why is it important?
It helps assess operational scale, labor intensity, and cost structure. Combined with revenue and profit, it enables key metrics like revenue per employee or productivity.
🧮 Calculation
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- A high headcount can signal operational complexity – but also significant growth capacity.
- Revenue per employee is a key indicator of efficiency.
- Especially useful for comparing tech, industrial, or service-heavy companies.
📘 Turnover per employee
📈 What is it?
Revenue per employee indicates how much revenue a company generates on average per employee – a key measure of efficiency and productivity.
🧮 How is it calculated?
The employee count is typically taken from the most recent annual report.
🏛️ Why is it important?
This metric helps compare business models – especially between labor-intensive and technology-driven companies. A high value suggests automation, operational efficiency, or strong value creation per head.
🧮 Calculation
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- A high revenue per employee indicates a scalable and margin-strong business model.
- A low figure may reflect labor-intensive operations or lower value-add.
- Especially helpful when comparing tech companies to industrial or service sectors.
Citizens & Northern Corporation Stock Analysis
Analyst Opinions
6 Analysts have issued a Citizens & Northern Corporation forecast:
Analyst Opinions
6 Analysts have issued a Citizens & Northern Corporation forecast:
Citizens & Northern Corporation Events
Past Events
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APR
23
Shareholder/Analyst Call - Citizens & Northern Corporation
5 months ago
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StocksGuide Free
Citizens & Northern Corporation — Shareholder/Analyst Call - Citizens & Northern Corporation
1. Management Discussion
Hello, and welcome to the Citizens & Northern Corporation Annual Shareholders Meeting. Please note that this meeting is being recorded. [Operator Instructions]
Welcome to the 38th Annual Meeting of Shareholders of Citizens & Northern Corporation. As mentioned, shareholders who have logged in using their control number may ask questions at any time during the meeting. Shareholders who logged in as a guest will not be able to ask questions. [Operator Instructions] I will now call the meeting to order.
My name is Terry Lehman, Board Chair. I also Chair the Risk Committee and the M&A Committee and a member of the Audit and Compensation Committees. I have been appointed by the Board of Directors to be Chair of this Annual Meeting of Shareholders. Glenn James has similarly been appointed Secretary of this meeting. Glenn serves as General Counsel and Corporate Secretary for Citizens & Northern Corporation. I now ask the Secretary to present the affidavit of mailing of notice of the meeting and proxy statement.
Mr. Chairman, as set forth in the affidavit, the notice of meeting and the proxy statement were mailed to shareholders on March 13, 2026.
Proper notice of this meeting having been given, the order of business will be: one, introductions of the directors; two, voting on the 3 proposals set out in the meeting notice; three, President's remarks; and four, questions and answers.
Now I would like to introduce our Board of Directors. The Board is very engaged throughout the year and has solid committee leadership. Brad Scovill, President and member of the Risk and M&A Committees; Frank Pellegrino, Wealth Committee Chair and Member of the Compensation and M&A Committees; Aaron Singer, Governance and Nominating Committee Chair, member of the Risk and Audit Committees; Bobbi Kilmer, Compensation Committee Chair and member of the Risk, M&A and Governance and Nominating Committees; Stephen Dorwart, Audit Committee Chair and Member of the Compensation Committee; Rob Loughery, member of the Risk and Governance and Nominating Committees; Helen Santiago, member of the Wealth and Audit Committees; Kate Shattuck, member of the Wealth, Compensation and Governance and Nominating Committees; and Christian Trate, member of the Risk and Audit Committees.
You can find each director's bio in the proxy statement starting on Page 9. I'd also like to recognize Leo Lambert, who retired from the Board today after 25 years of dedicated service, including 7 years as Chairman of the Board. Also, Susan Hartley retired from the Board in September 2025 after 27 years of service. As many of you are aware, our President and CEO, Brad Scovill, announced that he will be retiring on April 30, 2027, approximately 1 year from today. The Board has formed a search committee and engaged outside advisers to assist in finding the company's next CEO.
I'd also like to recognize Nicole Spiker, the partner with Crowe LLP, the company's independent audit firm. This meeting has been called for the purpose of: one, election of 3 Class III directors to serve for a term of 3 years; election of 1 Class II director to serve for a term of 2 years and until their successors are elected. Two, approving in an advisory vote, the compensation of the corporation's named executive officers for 2025; three, ratifying the appointment of Crowe LLP as independent registered public accounting firm for the year ending December 31, 2026; and four, transacting such other business as may properly come before the meeting.
Shareholders of record as of February 25, 2026, holding a total of 17,910,243 shares are entitled to vote online or by proxy. The Secretary means the official record of all shares as of the record date. Shareholders who have not yet voted may do so online by clicking the voting link on the meeting screens and following the instructions provided. Mr. Secretary, do we have a quorum?
The majority of shares being represented online or by proxy. Mr. Chairman, we have a quorum.
As the first order of business, may I have a motion to waive the reading of the minutes of last year's Annual Meeting of Shareholders.
So moved.
Is there a second? Thank you. In accordance with the bylaws, the Board of Directors have appointed Tom Rudy; Harold Hoose; and Blair Rush as judges of election. Is there anyone who has not voted but wants to vote?
Hearing none, I declare the polls closed. I call for a motion to elect the following nominees as Class III directors for a term of 3 years and until their successors are elected: Stephen M. Dorwart; J. Bradley Scovill; Aaron K. Singer.
So moved.
I have a motion. Is there a second? We have a motion and a second. Judges of election, may we have the results of the vote.
The motion for election of the nominees as Class III directors passed with no less than 63.6% of the shares present or represented by proxy voting in favor of each nominee.
On the question of the election of 3 Class III directors for 3-year terms and until their successors are elected, each of the nominees receiving a majority of the votes cast. Mr. Dorwart, Mr. Scovill, Mr. Singer stand elected. I call for a motion to elect the following nominee as Class II director for a term of 2 years and until his successor is elected, Christian C. Trate.
So moved.
Is there a second? We have a motion and a second. Judges of election. May we have the results of the vote?
The motion for the election of the nominee as Class II director passed with no less than 70.1% of the shares present or represented by proxy voting in favor.
On the question of the election of 1 Class II director for a 2-year term and until his successor is elected, the nominee receiving a majority of the votes cast, Mr. Trate stands elected. I now call for a motion to approve the 2025 compensation of the named executive officers as disclosed in the proxy statement.
So moved.
We have a motion and a second. Judges of election, may we have the results of the vote.
The motion to approve the advisory nonbinding vote on the 2025 compensation for named executive officers as disclosed in the proxy statement passed with 62.2% of the shares voting in favor.
On the question the approval of the 2025 compensation of the named executive officers, a majority of votes being cast to approve that compensation, that compensation stands approved. I now call for a motion to ratify the appointment of Crowe LLP as the corporation's independent registered public accounting firm for 2026.
Motion.
Second.
We have a motion and a second. Judges of election, may we have the results of the voting?
The motion to ratify the appointment of Crowe LLP as the corporation's independent registered public accounting firm for 2026 as disclosed in the proxy statement passed with 99% of the shares voting in favor.
On the question of ratification of appointment of Crowe LLP as independent registered public accounting firm, a majority of the votes being cast to ratify the appointment of Crowe LLP stand ratified.
This concludes the business portion of the meeting. Now I have the pleasure to turn the virtual podium over to our President, Brad Scovill, to give you his report on the state of the company. Brad?
Thanks, Terry, and good afternoon to all C&N shareholders joining us today. Your interest in our company and ongoing support is greatly appreciated.
I'd like to first add my thanks and appreciation to Leo Lambert, a good friend, for his 25 years of service on our Board. Leo was a Chair when I joined the bank in 2015 and our first independent Chairperson. His love of people, community and C&N have always been evident and his leadership and counsel are appreciated by all who he has touched as he's been involved with C&N. So Leo, thank you. Thank you so much. You'll be missed.
Throughout its 162-year history, C&N has been built through steady intentional work conducted day after day by a team focused on creating value for the customers and communities they serve. During 2025, the C&N team delivered strong results, illustrating its commitment and engagement to continue this legacy. While the financial services industry continues to change dramatically, C&N once again demonstrated the strength of a business model rooted in relationships, disciplined strategy and long-term thinking.
We seek to run a fundamentally sound company that is both resilient through volatile times and capable of delivering profitable growth. That steady approach also guided the October 1 completion of our merger with Susquehanna Community Bank, a significant milestone for C&N. Partnership with SCB expanded our footprint, added 7 new offices and brought together 2 community banking organizations with strong cultural alignment. It also strengthened our position as a leading community bank in Central Pennsylvania and enhanced our ability to create long-term value for our customers, teammates and shareholders.
The additional scale achieved through the SCB acquisition provides C&N with greater capacity to adapt and successfully compete while managing through continuous volatility in the economy and domestic and world politics. Additionally, in 2025, there was a material increase in fraud in the banking industry that demanded more cybersecurity resources. This no normal environment has persisted since COVID and applies not only to managing C&N, but also to our customers seeking stability, clarity and guidance as they navigate through new and unique challenges. The investments we have made over the past 5 years are already paying dividends as the companies integrate, and we expect even greater synergies in the next 2 to 3 years.
With this backdrop, C&N delivered overall improving financial performance throughout 2026 and for the year overall. Core earnings strengthened from the beginning of 2025, supported by expanding net interest margin, balanced loan and deposit growth, stable credit quality and carefully managed operating expenses. In each of the first 3 quarters of the year, net income improved compared to the prior year, reflecting the benefits of consistent execution and long-term planning. And during the fourth quarter, excluding merger expenses, we began to experience the benefits of scale from combining the 2 companies in our financial results.
Generating and retaining core deposits remained an important focus as competition for balances intensified last year. Through relationship-based outreach, expanded digital tools and personalized service, we maintained strong liquidity while supporting responsible loan growth across our markets. Disciplined expense management also allowed us to continue investing in technology, facilities and talent while improving efficiency. This balance between growth and discipline remains central to how we manage the organization and position C&N for long-term success.
Along with sustaining core strength and improving performance, much of our focus in 2025 centered on the long-term alignment of the SCB franchise as an extension of C&N. Bringing together the 2 organizations required careful planning, clear communication and a shared commitment to doing what is right for customers, teammates and shareholders. Following the announcement of the deal in April, our combined teams worked diligently to ensure continuity of service, clarity for employees and consistency in how we support our communities.
From the beginning, our teams approached each phase of integration with care, recognizing that behind every system change and operational decision for customers depending on continuity and security and employees expecting transparency and support. This sense of teamwork helped us maintain stability while building a unified operating model. We also welcomed our new colleagues from SCB to Wellsboro orientation to experience the leadership approach, culture and community focus that defines C&N. It was important as these early connections helped lay the foundation for strong working relationships and are reinforcing the shared values that brought our organizations together.
We completed the systems conversion in December and have resolved most of the normal challenges faced when consolidating platforms. We are now operating as a unified organization and on schedule to realize the promise of this partnership, leveraging the combined strengths of our teams, enhancing our regional presence and delivering broader service capabilities. This integration is not just about growth, it's about strengthening our ability to deliver value, deepen relationships and respond to the evolving needs of the people and businesses we serve across our footprint.
2025 was also a year of continued investment in our people and infrastructure. We enhanced our digital banking platforms to provide convenient, secure access to financial services. Technology also plays a critical role in both customer experience and risk management. As I mentioned earlier, throughout the year, we continued to strengthen our cybersecurity measures, enhancing fraud detection capabilities and refining internal systems to improve efficiency and responsiveness. These investments protect customer information while allowing teammates to focus more time on building relationships and giving guidance.
At the heart of our culture is our commitment to strengthening the places we call home. This year marked the 10th anniversary of Giving Back, Giving Together, a signature program that has become one of the most visible expressions of C&N's community focus. During this decade of service, our teammates have raised nearly $1 million, donated over 42,000 items and volunteered for almost 2,000 hours to support 245 local organizations. These efforts reflect a culture of compassion, generosity and shared responsibility for the well-being of our neighbors. They also underscore that community involvement is not separate from our business mission. It is an extension of how we define success at C&N.
2025, our Giving Back, Giving Together initiative focused on honoring our heroes supporting veterans and active duty service members. Given current world events, this initiative is both very timely and a reflection of our appreciation for those who serve and the families who support them. Once again, our teammates demonstrated creativity, dedication and genuine care in bringing this cause to life.
As we look to the year ahead and begin my final year serving as CEO, we do so with optimism and confidence in both our strategy and our team. Our strong balance sheet, disciplined risk management, expanded franchise and relationship-focused culture position us well to drive profitable growth while navigating change within the financial services industry. Reinforcing this strength and confidence in the future, earlier today, the Board took action to declare a regular quarterly cash dividend of $0.28 a share payable on May 15 to shareholders of record on May 4.
While challenges continue to emerge, we remain committed to thoughtful growth, responsible stewardship and delivering consistent value to our customers, communities and shareholders. Most importantly, we're blessed with strong leadership and are supported by a team that believes in our mission and brings professionalism, integrity and care to their work every day.
2025 was a year of meaningful progress and important transformation. We're grateful for the trust that our customers place in us, dedication of our teammates and the continued support of all of our shareholders. Together, we'll continue to build a stronger C&N grounded in relationships, guided by purpose and focused on creating lasting value for generations to come.
Thank you for your continued support. And Mr. Chairman, I'll turn the virtual microphone back to you.
Thank you, Brad. The floor is now open for questions from our shareholders. [Operator Instructions] Are there any questions?
All right. It doesn't appear that we have any questions. I would like to thank you all who took the time to participate in today's meeting. If there is any further business to be brought before this [indiscernible], we will...
[indiscernible] it now.
Hearing none without objection, this meeting stands adjourned.
Today's conference call. Thank you for participating. You may now disconnect.
Financial data from Citizens & Northern Corporation
Revenue
Revenue is the sum of all sales generated by a company, e.g. for its products or services.
Revenue (TTM) metric explainedDirect Costs
Direct costs are the costs incurred directly in connection with the manufacture of the product or service.
Gross Profit
Gross Profit indicates how much of the revenue remains in the company after deducting direct production costs. If the percentage share of sales is calculated, this is referred to as the gross margin.
Gross Profit metric explainedSelling and Administrative Expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses (SG&A) include all expenses for marketing and sales as well as the general administration of the company.
Research and Development Expense
Research and development costs (R&D) provide information on how much the company invests in the research and development of its products. The costs are particularly interesting as a percentage of revenue and in comparison to direct competitors.
EBITDA
EBITDA (Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization) is the company's earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization. The EBITDA margin is calculated as a percentage of sales.
Depreciation and Amortization
Depreciation represents reductions in the value of the company's assets (e.g. due to wear and tear on machinery).
EBIT (Operating Income)
EBIT (Earnings Before Interest and Taxes) is the company's profit before interest and taxes, also known as the operating income. The EBIT Margin is calculated as a percentage of sales at
.
Net Profit
Net Profit represents the profit or loss after deduction of all costs.
Net Profit metric explainedStocksGuide Premium
| Mar '26 |
+/-
%
|
||
| Revenue | 132 132 |
21%
21%
100%
|
|
| - Interest Income | 100 100 |
25%
25%
76%
|
|
| - Non-Interest Income | 32 32 |
8%
8%
24%
|
|
| Interest Expense | 48 48 |
3%
3%
36%
|
|
| Non-Interest Expense | -92 -92 |
22%
22%
-69%
|
|
| Loan Loss Provisions | 19 19 |
1,214%
1,214%
15%
|
|
| Net Profit | 17 17 |
35%
35%
13%
|
|
In millions USD.
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Company Profile
Citizens & Northern Corp. operates as a holding company, which engages in community banking. It provides a full range of banking and mortgage services to individual and corporate customers in North Central Pennsylvania and Southern New York State. The company's Lending products include mortgage loans, commercial loans and consumer loans, as well as specialized instruments such as commercial letters-of-credit. The company's Deposit products include various types of checking accounts, passbook and statement savings, money market accounts, interest checking accounts, Individual Retirement Accounts and certificates of deposit. The company was founded in 1864 and is headquartered in Wellsboro, PA.
StocksGuide Premium
| Head office | United States |
| CEO | Mr. Scovill |
| Employees | 460 |
| Founded | 1864 |
| Website | www.cnbankpa.com |
