Otsuka Holdings Stock price
Compare with Peer Group
📊 Peer Group
📈 What is it?
The peer group consists of the companies with the most similar business model. They serve as a benchmark for putting a stock into context.
🧮 How is it selected?
Based on similarity of business model, meaning companies from the same industry with comparable products and a similar customer base. That's the only way to compare apples to apples.
🏛️ Why does it matter?
Whether a stock is cheap or expensive is best judged by comparison. A P/E of 18 or an EV/FCF of 20 can look cheap or expensive depending on the yardstick. The peer group gives you the most accurate one: companies with a similar business model that operate under the same conditions.
🎯 What does it mean for investors?
When a metric sits below the peer average, the stock is valued more cheaply relative to its competitors, and above the average more expensively. A discount to the peer group can be an opportunity, but it can also have a reason (for example lower growth). The comparison is a starting point, not a verdict.
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Invest better with AI
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👉 More detailed insights
👉 Exclusive perspectives on opportunities & risks
👉 Clear answers to your questions
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👉 More detailed insights
👉 Exclusive perspectives on opportunities & risks
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Key metrics
📘 Market Capitalization
📈 What is it?
Market capitalization shows how much a company is currently worth on the stock market.
🧮 How is it calculated?
🏛️ Why is it important?
It helps classify companies by size (Large, Mid, Small Cap) and indicates their market presence and relative stability.
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- Large-cap companies tend to be more stable, often pay dividends, but may grow more slowly.
- Smaller firms may offer higher growth potential but come with more volatility.
- Market capitalization is a useful indicator of company size — but not a measure of whether a stock is undervalued or overvalued.
📘 Enterprise Value (EV)
📈 What is it?
Enterprise Value represents the total cost to acquire a company — including its debt and excluding its cash reserves.
🧮 How is it calculated?
(= Market Cap + Net Debt)
🏛️ Why is it important?
EV gives a more complete picture of a company's value than market cap alone and is used in key valuation ratios like EV/FCF or EV/Sales.
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- Enterprise Value shows the true cost of buying a company, including all financial obligations.
- It is more accurate than just looking at market cap, especially when comparing companies with different levels of debt or cash.
- Professional investors prefer EV-based multiples because they better reflect the company’s full financial footprint.
📘 Net Debt
📈 What is it?
Net Debt shows how much debt remains after subtracting a company’s available cash reserves.
🧮 How is it calculated?
🏛️ Why is it important?
It indicates how dependent a company is on borrowed money and how easily it can service its debt in the short term.
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- Low or negative net debt signals financial strength and flexibility.
- Companies with strong cash positions are better positioned in crises.
- High net debt increases financial risk — especially in environments with rising interest rates or economic downturns.
📘 Cash
📈 What is it?
Cash represents all liquid assets a company can access immediately — including cash, bank deposits, and short-term investments.
🧮 How is it calculated?
🏛️ Why is it important?
It reflects a company’s financial flexibility and resilience — enabling investments, buybacks, or buffer in downturns.
🧮 Calculation
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- A strong cash position means greater room for maneuver and crisis resistance.
- Cash-rich companies can invest, pay down debt, or repurchase shares.
- But excess idle cash might indicate a lack of growth opportunities.
📘 Shares Outstanding
📈 What is it?
Shares outstanding represent the total number of a company’s shares currently held by investors — excluding treasury stock.
🧮 How is it calculated?
🏛️ Why is it important?
It’s the basis for key metrics like Earnings Per Share (EPS), Market Capitalization, or the Price/Earnings ratio (P/E).
🧮 Calculation
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- Fewer shares in circulation typically increase earnings per share — making each share more valuable.
- Share buybacks reduce the number of shares and boost per-share metrics.
- Issuing new shares does the opposite — diluting shareholder value and lowering per-share figures.
📘 Price-to-Earnings Ratio (P/E)
📈 What is it?
The P/E ratio shows how many times a company's earnings per share are reflected in its current share price — in other words, how "expensive" the stock appears relative to its profits.
🧮 How is it calculated?
🏛️ Why is it important?
The P/E ratio is one of the most widely used valuation metrics. It helps investors assess whether a stock appears cheap or expensive compared to its earnings power.
🧮 Calculation
📊 P/E (TTM) = Based on earnings from the last 12 months (Trailing Twelve Months):🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- A low P/E may indicate undervaluation — or signal underlying issues.
- A high P/E may reflect strong growth expectations — or an overvalued stock.
📘 Price-to-Sales Ratio (P/S)
📈 What is it?
The P/S ratio shows how much investors are paying for $1 of the company’s revenue – regardless of profitability.
🧮 How is it calculated?
🏛️ Why is it important?
P/S is especially useful for evaluating growth companies or businesses not yet profitable. It reflects how the market values the company’s sales.
🧮 Calculation
Market Cap = ¥5.94t | Revenue (TTM) = ¥2.62t
Market Cap = ¥5.94t | Estimated Revenue = ¥2.75t
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- A low P/S may indicate undervaluation — or low profitability.
- A high P/S can reflect strong growth expectations — or excessive optimism.
- Especially helpful when evaluating companies where profits are low, volatile, or negative.
📘 Enterprise Value to Sales (EV/Sales)
📈 What is it?
EV/Sales shows how much investors are paying for $1 of revenue — considering not just equity, but also debt and cash. It’s the capital structure–adjusted version of the P/S ratio.
🧮 How is it calculated?
🏛️ Why is it important?
It’s ideal for comparing companies with different levels of debt. It reflects a company's true cost relative to its revenue.
🧮 Calculation
Enterprise Value = ¥5.57t | Revenue (TTM) = ¥2.62t
Enterprise Value = ¥5.57t | Forward Revenue = ¥2.75t
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- EV/Sales allows for capital structure–neutral company comparisons.
- A lower ratio may indicate undervaluation; a higher one may signal strong growth expectations or overvaluation.
- Especially helpful when evaluating high-growth companies with low or negative earnings.
📘 Enterprise Value to Free Cash Flow (EV/FCF) | ex SBC
📈 What is it?
EV/FCF compares a company’s enterprise value with its free cash flow. The metric therefore shows the multiple of current free cash flow at which a company is valued. EV/FCF ex SBC additionally accounts for stock-based compensation (SBC). While SBC does not represent a direct cash outflow, issuing shares as compensation can dilute existing shareholders. Therefore, SBC is deducted from free cash flow in this adjusted version.
🧮 How is it calculated?
EV/FCF ex SBC = Enterprise Value ÷ (Free Cash Flow (TTM) − SBC)
🏛️ Why is it important?
EV/FCF provides a valuation based on free cash flow and therefore complements earnings-based valuation metrics such as the P/E ratio. The ex SBC version additionally accounts for the economic impact of stock-based compensation and provides a more conservative view from a shareholder perspective.
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- A low EV/FCF means that enterprise value is low relative to current free cash flow. The reasons should always be considered in the context of the company and its industry.
- A high EV/FCF means that enterprise value is high relative to current free cash flow. This can, for example, reflect high growth expectations or temporarily weak cash generation.
- When SBC is positive and adjusted free cash flow remains positive, EV/FCF ex SBC is generally higher than the standard EV/FCF.
- The metric is particularly useful for companies with relatively stable and predictable cash flows.
- If free cash flow is negative or very low, EV/FCF has limited usefulness and should not be interpreted like a standard valuation multiple.
📘 Price-to-Book Ratio (P/B)
📈 What is it?
The P/B ratio compares a company’s market value to its book value — showing how much investors are paying for each dollar of net assets.
🧮 How is it calculated?
🏛️ Why is it important?
P/B is commonly used for asset-heavy industries like banks or industrials. It helps assess whether a stock is trading above or below its net asset value.
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- A P/B below 1 may signal undervaluation — or weak profitability.
- A P/B above 1 implies the market expects future value creation (e.g., brand, IP, growth).
- Best used for companies with tangible assets and strong balance sheets.
📘 Dividend per Share (DPS)
📈 What is it?
Dividend per Share shows how much cash a company pays out to shareholders for each share they own – usually on an annual or quarterly basis.
🧮 How is it calculated?
🏛️ Why is it important?
DPS is the absolute value of the payout per share – crucial for income-focused investors and dividend strategies.
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- A stable or growing DPS often signals a strong, shareholder-friendly business.
- DPS alone doesn’t tell you how attractive the payout is – the stock price also matters (→ see Dividend Yield).
- Long-term dividend growth is often a hallmark of high-quality companies – like the dividend aristocrats.
📘 Dividend Yield
📈 What is it?
Dividend yield shows how large a company’s dividend is in relation to its current share price.
🧮 How is it calculated?
🏛️ Why is it important?
It allows investors to compare dividend payouts across stocks, regardless of price or payout size.
🧮 Calculation
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- A stable yield can reflect reliable distributions.
- Comparing 1Y and 5Y yield shows whether dividend growth keeps pace with stock price appreciation.
- A low yield isn’t always negative – it can signal strong past performance or growth focus.
📘 Dividend Growth
📈 What is it?
Dividend growth shows how much a company has increased its dividend per share over time.
🧮 How is it calculated?
5Y: Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR)
🏛️ Why is it important?
Consistently rising dividends are often a sign of financial strength and shareholder orientation – especially relevant for long-term investors.
🧮 Calculation
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- Stable dividend growth is a sign of sustainable earning power.
- High dividend growth can significantly boost your total return:
- If a company pays $1 in dividends and increases it by 15% annually over 5 years, you’ll receive $2 per share in year 5 – twice as much as at the start!
📘 Payout Ratio
📈 What is it?
The payout ratio shows what percentage of a company’s earnings (per share) is distributed to shareholders as dividends.
🧮 How is it calculated?
🏛️ Why is it important?
It helps assess whether the dividend is sustainable – especially in relation to the company’s profitability.
🧮 Calculation
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- A low payout ratio means the company retains more earnings for reinvestment – typical for growth companies.
- A moderate payout (e.g. 25–50%) indicates a healthy balance between returns and reinvestment.
- High payout ratios may seem attractive but can carry risk if earnings decline.
📘 Consecutive Dividend Increases
📈 What is it?
This metric shows how many consecutive years a company has raised its dividend per share – without any cuts or pauses.
🧮 How is it calculated?
(Special dividends are not considered.)
🏛️ Why is it important?
A long track record of increases reflects financial strength, consistency, and shareholder commitment.
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- A long dividend increase streak builds confidence – especially in volatile markets.
- Such companies are seen as reliable and income-friendly investments.
- The longer the streak, the stronger the company’s dividend discipline.
📘 Revenue
📈 What is it?
Revenue shows how much a company earns in total from selling its products and services – the gross income before any costs are deducted.
🧮 How is it calculated?
🏛️ Why is it important?
Revenue is one of the key figures to assess a company’s size, market position, and growth potential.
🧮 Calculation
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- Growing revenue indicates rising demand and can be an early signal of future earnings growth.
- Comparing actual and expected revenue reveals trends in the market environment and analyst sentiment.
- Note: Strong revenue alone isn’t enough – margins and profitability matter just as much.
📘 EBITDA
📈 What is it?
EBITDA stands for “Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation, and Amortization.” It reflects a company’s operating profit before the effects of financing, taxes, and accounting depreciation.
🧮 How is it calculated?
🏛️ Why is it important?
EBITDA is widely used to evaluate a company’s operating performance – especially across capital-intensive sectors or international comparisons.
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- A high or growing EBITDA indicates strong operational profitability – independent of taxes, interest, or accounting methods.
- It’s especially useful for comparing companies across sectors or geographies.
- Important: EBITDA is not a net income figure – it excludes key costs like depreciation and interest.
📘 EBIT
📈 What is it?
EBIT stands for “Earnings Before Interest and Taxes.” It reflects a company’s operating profit after depreciation, but before interest and tax expenses.
🧮 How is it calculated?
🏛️ Why is it important?
EBIT is a core profitability metric that shows how well the company performs in its main business operations – independent of capital structure and tax environment.
🧮 Calculation
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- A high EBIT indicates strong profitability from the company’s core business – before financial and tax effects.
- It allows better comparison between companies with different debt levels or tax structures.
- Compared to EBITDA, EBIT already accounts for depreciation and reflects capital intensity more clearly.
📘 Net Income
📈 What is it?
Net income is the company’s total profit – the amount left after all expenses, taxes, interest, and depreciation have been deducted.
🧮 How is it calculated?
🏛️ Why is it important?
Net income is the most comprehensive measure of a company’s profitability – showing how much actual profit remains after all business and financing costs.
🧮 Calculation
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- Growing net income indicates that the company is managing all of its costs efficiently.
- It directly influences valuation metrics like P/E ratio and the company’s dividend capacity.
- Over time, net income trends reveal how resilient and profitable the business model really is.
📘 Free Cash Flow (FCF) | ex SBC
📈 What is it?
Free cash flow shows how much cash remains after a company has covered its operating and capital expenditures. FCF ex SBC additionally deducts stock-based compensation (SBC) to adjust the cash flow for the effect of non-cash SBC.
🧮 How is it calculated?
Free Cash Flow ex SBC = Operating Cash Flow − SBC − Capital Expenditures (CAPEX)
🏛️ Why is it important?
FCF reflects a company’s actual financial strength – independent of reported accounting earnings. It shows how much flexibility a company has for dividends, share buybacks, or debt reduction. FCF ex SBC also deducts stock-based compensation and shows how much cash generation remains after SBC.
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- High free cash flow indicates that a company has strong financial strength – independent of reported earnings.
- It is often a solid basis for sustainable dividends and share buybacks.
- Declining FCF can be a warning sign, even if reported earnings remain stable.
📘 Revenue Growth
📈 What is it?
Revenue growth shows how much a company’s sales have changed compared to the previous year – both on a trailing basis (TTM) and based on forward projections.
🧮 How is it calculated?
Forward = (Expected revenue ÷ Revenue in prior year − 1) × 100
Forward growth is based on analyst estimates for the current fiscal year.
🏛️ Why is it important?
Rising revenue signals growing demand, business expansion, and market share gains – especially important for growth-oriented companies.
🧮 Calculation
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- Growth is the engine of long-term value creation – especially in tech and growth sectors.
- What matters is not just current growth, but its sustainability.
- Forward projections reflect whether analysts expect continued momentum – or a slowdown.
📘 EBITDA Growth
📈 What is it?
EBITDA growth shows how much a company’s operating profit (before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization) has increased or decreased compared to the previous year.
🧮 How is it calculated?
Forward = (Expected EBITDA ÷ EBITDA from prior year − 1) × 100
The forward estimate is based on analyst projections for the current fiscal year.
🏛️ Why is it important?
Growing EBITDA indicates improving operational profitability – regardless of financing or accounting effects.
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- Strong EBITDA growth signals operational efficiency and scalability – especially during growth phases.
- EBITDA growth can be an early indicator of margin and earnings expansion – but should be assessed alongside revenue and EBIT.
📘 EBIT Growth
📈 What is it?
EBIT growth shows how much a company’s operating profit (after depreciation, but before interest and taxes) has increased compared to the previous year.
🧮 How is it calculated?
Forward = (Expected EBIT ÷ EBIT from prior year − 1) × 100
The forward estimate is based on analyst projections for the current fiscal year.
🏛️ Why is it important?
EBIT growth is a direct indicator of a company’s business performance – taking into account capital intensity through depreciation.
🧮 Calculation
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- Rising EBIT signals improving operating profitability – even after accounting for depreciation.
- It’s especially important for evaluating companies with significant capital expenditures.
- Combined with revenue and EBITDA growth, EBIT growth provides a well-rounded view of operational progress.
📘 Net Income Growth
📈 What is it?
Net income growth shows how much a company’s bottom-line profit has increased or decreased compared to the previous year – both on a trailing basis (TTM) and based on analyst projections.
🧮 How is it calculated?
Forward = (Expected net income ÷ Net income from prior year − 1) × 100
The forward estimate reflects analysts’ expectations for the current fiscal year.
🏛️ Why is it important?
Net income is the ultimate measure of profitability. Growing net income signals stronger efficiency, cost control, and sustainable earnings power.
🧮 Calculation
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- Stronger net income boosts valuation, dividend potential, and investor confidence.
- If profits stall while revenue grows, it may signal margin pressure.
📘 Free Cash Flow Growth
📈 What is it?
Free cash flow (FCF) growth shows how a company’s available cash – after covering operating expenses and capital expenditures – has changed compared to the previous year.
🧮 How is it calculated?
🏛️ Why is it important?
Free cash flow reflects real financial strength. Growing FCF indicates more flexibility for dividends, share buybacks, and reinvestment.
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- Declining FCF may point to rising investments, increasing costs, or weaker operating performance.
- Especially for dividend investors, FCF growth is critical – since dividends are paid from actual available cash.
- A negative trend isn't always bad, but it deserves closer attention.
📘 Gross Margin
📈 What is it?
Gross margin shows how much of a company’s revenue remains after deducting the direct costs of goods sold (like materials and production). It represents the company’s “raw profit” before fixed costs, taxes, and interest.
🧮 How is it calculated?
Or simply: Gross Margin = Gross Profit ÷ Revenue × 100
🏛️ Why is it important?
Gross margin indicates how efficiently a company can produce or procure what it sells. It is a key measure of product-level profitability and pricing power.
🧮 Calculation
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- A high gross margin suggests strong pricing power and efficient production.
- Falling margins may signal rising input costs or competitive pressure.
- Compared to peers, gross margin offers insights into the quality of a business model.
📘 EBITDA Margin
📈 What is it?
The EBITDA margin shows how much of a company’s revenue remains as operating profit before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization.It reflects operating efficiency without being distorted by financing or accounting factors.
🧮 How is it calculated?
🏛️ Why is it important?
The EBITDA margin reveals how much operating income a company generates per dollar of revenue – independent of capital structure and tax effects.
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- A high EBITDA margin reflects strong core profitability – before accounting distortions.
- It allows for effective comparisons across companies and sectors.
- A stable or growing margin signals efficient cost control and business scalability.
📘 EBIT Margin
📈 What is it?
The EBIT margin shows what percentage of revenue remains as operating profit after depreciation but before interest and taxes.
🧮 How is it calculated?
🏛️ Why is it important?
The EBIT margin reflects a company’s core profitability while accounting for capital intensity (e.g. machinery, infrastructure). It’s especially useful for comparing businesses with different levels of depreciation.
🧮 Calculation
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- A high EBIT margin shows that the company remains efficient even after factoring in depreciation.
- It’s especially relevant for capital-intensive industries.
- Stable or rising EBIT margins over time are a strong indicator of pricing power and business quality.
📘 Net Margin
📈 What is it?
Net margin shows how much of a company’s revenue remains as bottom-line profit after deducting all costs, interest, taxes, and depreciation.
🧮 How is it calculated?
🏛️ Why is it important?
Net margin reflects a company’s overall efficiency – across operations, financing, and taxation. It shows how much actual profit is generated from each dollar of revenue.
🧮 Calculation
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- A high net margin means the company is not only strong operationally but also manages financing and taxes efficiently.
- Peer comparisons reveal business quality and competitiveness.
- Declining margins despite revenue growth can be a red flag for rising costs or inefficiencies.
📘 Free Cash Flow Margin | ex SBC
📈 What is it?
The Free Cash Flow Margin shows how much free cash flow a company generates relative to its revenue. In simplified terms, free cash flow is calculated as operating cash flow minus capital expenditures. The Free Cash Flow Margin ex SBC additionally accounts for stock-based compensation (SBC). While SBC does not represent a direct cash outflow, issuing shares as compensation can dilute existing shareholders. Therefore, SBC is deducted from free cash flow in this adjusted metric.
🧮 How is it calculated?
Free Cash Flow Margin ex SBC = (Free Cash Flow − SBC) ÷ Revenue × 100
🏛️ Why is it important?
The Free Cash Flow Margin shows how efficiently a company converts its revenue into free cash flow. Strong free cash flow can provide financial flexibility for dividends, share buybacks, debt repayment, or further investments. The ex SBC version additionally accounts for the economic impact of stock-based compensation and therefore provides a more conservative view of cash generation from a shareholder perspective.
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- A high Free Cash Flow Margin shows that a company converts a high proportion of its revenue into free cash flow.
- This can provide greater financial flexibility for dividends, share buybacks, debt repayment, or investments.
- The Free Cash Flow Margin ex SBC additionally accounts for potential shareholder dilution from stock-based compensation.
- The long-term trend is particularly important. Declining margins can, for example, result from higher investments, changes in working capital, or weaker operating performance.
📘 Equity Ratio
📈 What is it?
The equity ratio indicates what portion of a company’s total assets is financed by shareholders’ equity – in other words, how much it relies on its own capital.
🧮 How is it calculated?
🏛️ Why is it important?
A high equity ratio reflects financial strength and stability, especially during downturns. It’s a key indicator of a company’s solvency and long-term risk profile.
🧮 Calculation
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- Companies with high equity ratios are generally more resilient and less dependent on external debt.
- Low equity ratios can signal higher risk or aggressive financial strategies.
- Important: Always assess the equity ratio in combination with the return on equity (ROE). This shows not just how stable the company is – but also how efficiently it uses shareholder capital.
📘 Return on Equity (ROE)
📈 What is it?
Return on equity (ROE) shows how efficiently a company uses its shareholders’ equity to generate profit. In other words: how much net income is earned per dollar of equity.
🧮 How is it calculated?
🏛️ Why is it important?
ROE is a core profitability metric. It helps investors understand whether a company delivers attractive returns on the capital provided by its shareholders.
🧮 Calculation
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- A high ROE indicates that the company is using its capital efficiently and profitably.
- It’s especially meaningful for capital-intensive businesses or firms with high equity bases.
- Important: A very high ROE can also result from high debt levels – always interpret it alongside the equity ratio to assess financial health.
📘 Return on Capital Employed (ROCE)
📈 What is it?
ROCE measures how efficiently a company generates profits from its total capital – including both equity and interest-bearing debt.
🧮 How is it calculated?
It evaluates the return on all capital employed, regardless of how it’s financed.
🏛️ Why is it important?
ROCE is ideal for comparing companies with different financing structures. It shows how well management uses capital to create value for both shareholders and creditors.
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- A high ROCE means the company uses its capital efficiently – regardless of whether it's funded by debt or equity.
- The higher the ROCE compared to peers, the more value the company creates with its invested capital.
- Especially relevant for capital-intensive sectors like industrials, energy, or infrastructure.
📘 Return on Invested Capital (ROIC)
📈 What is it?
ROIC measures how efficiently a company generates returns from the capital invested in its core operations – regardless of whether the capital comes from equity or debt.
🧮 How is it calculated?
- NOPAT = Net Operating Profit After Taxes
- Invested Capital = Operating assets minus non-interest-bearing liabilities
🏛️ Why is it important?
ROIC is one of the most accurate indicators of capital efficiency. Unlike return on equity, it is not distorted by leverage and shows how much value is created for all capital providers.
🧮 Calculation
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- A high ROIC shows how effectively a company uses the capital that is truly invested in its core operations.
- Unlike ROCE, ROIC focuses only on the capital that is actively used to run the business – and that requires a return (i.e. interest-bearing).
- Especially useful when comparing companies with large amounts of excess cash or non-interest-bearing liabilities – giving a more realistic picture of capital efficiency.
📘 Leverage Ratio (Debt-to-Equity)
📈 What is it?
The leverage ratio indicates how much a company relies on interest-bearing debt (such as loans and bonds) relative to its shareholders’ equity.
🧮 How is it calculated?
🏛️ Why is it important?
This ratio helps assess a company’s financial structure and risk profile. High leverage can enhance returns – but also increases exposure to interest rate changes and financial stress.
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- A low leverage ratio signals financial strength and independence.
- A higher ratio can improve returns in good times but increases risk during downturns or rising interest rate periods.
- 👉 Always interpret in the context of industry, capital intensity, and interest rate environment.
📘 Earnings per share (EPS)
📈 What is it?
Earnings per Share (EPS) shows how much profit is attributable to a single share – and is one of the most important metrics for evaluating a company's performance.
🧮 How is it calculated?
The diluted share count reflects potential new shares that could be issued through options, convertible bonds, or other rights.
🏛️ Why is it important?
EPS is the basis for many key valuation metrics like P/E ratio, PEG ratio, or payout ratio. It enables comparisons of profitability across companies, regardless of their size.
🧮 Calculation
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- EPS captures per-share profitability and is especially useful for comparisons over time or with analyst estimates.
- Rising EPS may signal consistent growth or share buybacks.
- Important: Always use diluted EPS for more realistic valuations – especially in companies with stock-based compensation.
📘 Free cash flow per share (FCF per share)
📈 What is it?
Free Cash Flow per Share shows how much free cash flow a company generates per outstanding share – after investments, but before dividends or debt repayments.
🧮 How is it calculated?
Free cash flow is calculated as operating cash flow minus capital expenditures (CapEx).
🏛️ Why is it important?
FCF per Share reveals how much real cash is available per share – useful for dividends, buybacks, or reducing debt. Unlike net income, free cash flow is harder to manipulate and often seen as a more reliable metric.
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- High FCF per share signals strong financial flexibility.
- It shows how much capital the company can effectively reinvest or return to shareholders.
- Particularly relevant for dividend payers and capital-efficient businesses.
📘 Short interest
📈 What is it?
Short interest indicates how many shares of a company are currently sold short – that is, borrowed and sold by investors who expect the price to decline.
🧮 How is it calculated?
It reflects the percentage of a company’s shares that are being shorted relative to the total shares available.
🏛️ Why is it important?
Short interest serves as a sentiment indicator: A high value may signal skepticism or bearish expectations – but also increases the potential for a short squeeze if prices rise unexpectedly.
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- Low short interest usually indicates market confidence in the company.
- High short interest can be a warning sign – or an opportunity if sentiment shifts.
- Especially relevant in volatile markets or ahead of key earnings releases.
📘 Employees
📈 What is it?
The employee count shows how many people a company employs worldwide – offering insights into its size, structure, and business model.
🧮 How is it calculated?
🏛️ Why is it important?
It helps assess operational scale, labor intensity, and cost structure. Combined with revenue and profit, it enables key metrics like revenue per employee or productivity.
🧮 Calculation
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- A high headcount can signal operational complexity – but also significant growth capacity.
- Revenue per employee is a key indicator of efficiency.
- Especially useful for comparing tech, industrial, or service-heavy companies.
📘 Revenue per employee
📈 What is it?
Revenue per employee indicates how much revenue a company generates on average per employee – a key measure of efficiency and productivity.
🧮 How is it calculated?
The employee count is typically taken from the most recent annual report.
🏛️ Why is it important?
This metric helps compare business models – especially between labor-intensive and technology-driven companies. A high value suggests automation, operational efficiency, or strong value creation per head.
🧮 Calculation
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- A high revenue per employee indicates a scalable and margin-strong business model.
- A low figure may reflect labor-intensive operations or lower value-add.
- Especially helpful when comparing tech companies to industrial or service sectors.
Otsuka Holdings Stock Analysis
Analyst Opinions
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Otsuka Holdings Events
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AUG
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Special Call - Otsuka Holdings Co., Ltd.
2 months ago
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APR
9
Otsuka Holdings Co., Ltd., Transcend Therapeutics, Inc. - M&A Call
6 months ago
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FEB
12
Q4 2025 Earnings Call
8 months ago
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Otsuka Holdings — Special Call - Otsuka Holdings Co., Ltd.
1. Management Discussion
Thank you, and thanks for joining. I'm very happy today to present our top line 24-month eGFR results from our study of sibeprenlimab in IgA nephropathy.
Next slide, please. As you're aware, IgA nephropathy is a progressive immune-mediated kidney disease. It is the most common glomerulonephritis with a significant disease burden, both in physical, mental as well as emotional health, which worsens with disease severities. Despite current supportive treatments, there still is substantial unmet need with patients continuing to progress, including to kidney failure, dialysis and sometimes transplant as well. The KDIGO guidelines of 2025 set a goal for IgA nephropathy with a goal of reducing the rate of loss of kidney function to less than 1 milliliter per minute per year. And that becomes important as we begin to look at the data.
Next slide, please. I want to speak a little bit about sibeprenlimab, its effect and how it likely works in the 4-hit hypothesis or the pathophysiological cascade that results in IgAN. APRIL is a cytokine that works on plasma cell proliferation as well as antibody class switching. With sibeprenlimab, which selectively blocks APRIL, we're able to prevent initiation of the cascade that I'm going to describe right now. The first hit is the production of pathologic galactose-deficient IgA1. What happens then is autoimmune effects with the resultant autoantibodies are developed against this galactose-deficient IgA1. These result in the formation of immune complexes, and that immune complex is deposited into the mesangium of the kidney. This leads to inflammatory response and ultimately to reduction in renal function over time. The goal of APRIL is to reduce that Hit 1, the galactose-deficient IgA1 and therefore, block the initiation of this pathophysiologic cascade and hopefully lead to improved outcomes in patients.
Next slide, please. So the Phase III study that Otsuka undertook was the VISIONARY study. The trial design is relatively simple. It's a 1:1 randomization comparing sibeprenlimab 400 milligrams subcutaneously administered every 4 weeks compared to an approximate equal number of placebo patients given placebo subcutaneously every 4 weeks as well. The primary efficacy endpoint, which we reported previously, the 9-month uPCR, occurred at 9 months. What we're going to be talking about today are the final result and the key functional results of eGFR at 104 weeks of treatment. The key inclusion criteria for patients in this study were biopsy-confirmed IgA nephropathy, age greater than or equal to 18 years uPCR of greater than 0.75 or urine protein of greater than 1, eGFR of greater than 30 and stable or maximally tolerated dose of ACE and/or ARB with or without SGLT2 inhibitors. And that stability had to be there for approximately 3 months of treatment. We did look at certain stratification factors, which I'll describe in the results as well. This is comparing baseline uPCR of less than 2 versus greater than 2, eGFR of 30 to 44 versus greater than 45 and SGLT2 inhibitor use, yes or no. We also had an exploratory cohort in the study of patients with a fairly low eGFR, which is not available yet, but we hope to report on shortly.
Next slide, please. So as I said, the primary endpoint of the study has previously been reported and additionally published in The New England Journal of Medicine. This was the ratio of uPCR at 9 months versus a baseline based on 24-hour urine collection, where we saw a substantial positive effect with sibeprenlimab treatment. Today, we're going to review key secondary endpoint, the annualized slope of eGFR estimated over 24 months from week 4, that was the first treatment week, and mean change of eGFR estimated from baseline at 24 months. I'll also describe some subgroup analyses of the annualized eGFR slope, a sensitivity analysis looking at the slope from baseline rather than from week 4 to endpoint. And of course, we'll review safety findings from the complete data set.
Next slide, please. So let's get into the results here. Next slide. So here, we have the baseline demographics for the patients in the study, 510 total patients, making this the largest IgAN study to date. The key takeaway from here is that the demographics between sibeprenlimab and placebo were well balanced in terms of age, sex, race and geographic region.
Next slide, please. Similarly, baseline clinical characteristics of these subjects were balanced between the treatment groups. For example, we see the time from the first biopsy to the randomization of approximately 1.3 to 1.5 years, baseline uPCR of approximately 1.6 to 1.5 and baseline eGFR of 65 and 63.4. So very similar patient characteristics. Similarly, the background treatment of these patients was the same as well with approximately 43% to 47% on SGLT2 inhibitors in particular.
Next slide, please. Here is the result of the key secondary endpoint, the annualized eGFR slope estimated over 24 months. We are very pleased to see that the sibeprenlimab group, shown in blue in this slide, we actually saw an increase of 0.3 in the eGFR relative to a decrease of minus 4.2 in the placebo group. This results in a treatment difference of 4.5 milliliters per minute per 1.73 meter square per year. This is well within the KDIGO guidelines, which target limiting an annual eGFR decline of less than 1. We're actually a little higher than baseline in this end result, really an unprecedented finding in a 2-year evaluation of eGFR in IgAN.
Next slide, please. We also assessed, as a sensitivity analysis, the annualized eGFR slope estimates from baseline. What I had shown previously was from week 4 where treatment had been initiated. Here, we see a very similar finding of plus 4.7 sibeprenlimab superior to placebo.
Next slide, please. When looking at the various stratifications that I spoke about earlier, if we look at the forest plot here with -- on the right of the vertical line would be an improvement favoring sibeprenlimab, the left would be favoring placebo. Every point, as you can see, and the confidence intervals favor sibeprenlimab over placebo in this stratification. So we looked at uPCR 24 hours, either less than 2 or greater than 2, and we see treatment effects favoring sibeprenlimab in both instances. We looked at screening eGFR, either 30 to 44 or greater than 45. And again, we see a benefit of sibeprenlimab relative to placebo. Finally, we assessed the presence or absence of SGLT2 inhibitors, which are an emerging treatment in IgAN, and we found that whether a patient was on or not, they still receive benefit with sibeprenlimab compared to placebo. So again, it appears that patients benefited regardless of their baseline uPCR, eGFR or use of SGLT2 inhibitors.
Next slide, please. Now this result was quite impressive to us when we saw these top line results just recently. Here is the graphical representation of the change from baseline in eGFR over 24 months. The blue represents sibeprenlimab, the gray represents placebo. And what you can see in the placebo group is a continual decline over the 2 years that you would expect in a progressive renal disease like IgAN. However, in the sibeprenlimab-treated group in blue, we see actually a stabilization of kidney function with actually a mean improvement in eGFR seen after 2 years of treatment. This is, again, an unprecedented result where we're actually finding that compared to baseline, we see stabilization of kidney function in IgAN for sibeprenlimab-treated patients, clearly demonstrating a disease-modifying effect of this compound in this disease, a truly, truly remarkable outcome that we hope will benefit patients.
Next slide, please. Of course, we have to balance even stunning efficacy with safety. And when looking at the safety of sibeprenlimab, broadly speaking, the outcomes are very similar to the placebo group. Overall, treatment-emergent adverse events occurred in approximately 90% of patients, which isn't a surprise when you follow patients over 2 years. However, when looking at what investigators consider treatment-related adverse events, we also see a similar distribution between sibeprenlimab and placebo, 35% versus approximately 33%. Now when we're dealing with a compound that is -- has immune modulating effects like sibeprenlimab does through its blockade of APRIL, there can be concerns about the potential for infections or infestations. So when reviewing those as a group, we found that sibeprenlimab actually looked slightly better numerically compared to placebo, an incidence of 1.9% versus 4% in placebo. And again, the other assessments here are similar between the 2 groups.
Now if we go to the next slide, we actually break down some of the adverse events that we see here. Again, we're seeing a fairly similar distribution between sibeprenlimab and placebo among these adverse events. We do break down those infections and infestations for your review here. But again, similar proportion of patients were affected, whether they took sibeprenlimab or placebo. So in general, we are seeing in the safety of sibeprenlimab broadly similar to that of placebo in this 2-year study.
Next slide, please. So just to conclude, we're obviously very excited about this data. Sibeprenlimab, which is a selective APRIL blocker, demonstrated improvement in eGFR relative to placebo, which resulted in clinically meaningful stabilization of kidney function over 24 months in patients with IgA nephropathy. The eGFR effects in the VISIONARY trial are the largest reported to date for a Phase III trial in IgA nephropathy and indeed meet the eGFR treatment goals proposed by the 2025 KDIGO IgA nephropathy guideline. Additionally, sibeprenlimab showed treatment effects that were consistent across prespecified stratification subgroups, and that indicates a broad therapeutic applicability to patients with IgA nephropathy. Further, at 24 months, safety remained favorable with similar rates of overall adverse events and infections between groups. Further analyses of the VISIONARY 2-year results will be presented at upcoming scientific congresses. As you might imagine, this is a large data set, and we have a number of other items that we're still investigating, and we look forward to presenting those at the appropriate scientific forums. So I appreciate your attention during this presentation.
Otsuka Holdings — Special Call - Otsuka Holdings Co., Ltd.
Phase III VISIONARY 24‑month data: sibeprenlimab stabilized and modestly improved kidney function in IgA nephropathy with no new safety signals.
🎯 Key Message
- Key: Sibeprenlimab, a selective APRIL blocker, produced a 24‑month stabilization and mean improvement in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) versus placebo in the Phase III VISIONARY trial (n=510), with a treatment difference of 4.5 mL/min/1.73m2/year, meeting KDIGO (Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes) 2025 eGFR goals.
⚡ Strategic Highlights
- Trial size: Largest IgA nephropathy Phase III to date (510 patients); primary 9‑month urine protein/creatinine ratio (uPCR) result was previously positive and published in The New England Journal of Medicine.
- Consistent benefit: eGFR improvement seen across prespecified subgroups: baseline uPCR (<2 or ≥2), screening eGFR (30–44 or ≥45 mL/min/1.73m2) and whether patients were on SGLT2 inhibitors (sodium‑glucose cotransporter‑2 inhibitors).
- Safety profile: Overall treatment‑emergent adverse events ~90% in both arms; treatment‑related events 35% vs 33%; infections numerically lower with sibeprenlimab (1.9% vs 4% placebo).
🆕 New Information
- What’s new: Two‑year renal function results showing mean eGFR +0.3 (sibe) vs −4.2 (placebo) and sensitivity analyses (baseline vs week‑4 slopes) confirming a ~4.5–4.7 mL/min/1.73m2/year advantage; this is a disease‑modifying signal beyond the earlier 9‑month proteinuria data. Further subgroup and safety analyses to be presented at scientific meetings.
⚡ Bottom Line
- Takeaway: The 24‑month data materially strengthen Otsuka’s sibeprenlimab program—large, durable eGFR benefit with a clean 2‑year safety readout could reframe treatment for IgA nephropathy—but regulatory decisions, long‑term safety, durability beyond two years, and commercial access remain key risks to monitor.
Otsuka Holdings — Otsuka Holdings Co., Ltd., Transcend Therapeutics, Inc. - M&A Call
1. Management Discussion
Good morning. I'm Watanabe. Nice to meet you.
So let me start. Today, in the first half, I'd like to talk about acquisitions and how it happened, the introduction of the company we acquired and also our strategic intent. In the second half, we will talk about TSND-201, the characteristics, clinical data and the characteristics.
So Transcend Therapeutics company, it's a company listed in New York. And the company has this product, the rapid-acting treatment products. And this is the company to develop the rapid-acting treatment product. And now our process for acquisition is completed, and we are waiting for the clearance by the authority. And Otsuka subsidiary, Otsuka America, Inc. will have another company to acquire 100% of the stakes of the company. And USD 700 million will be upfront payments. In addition to that, we will have the conditional milestones payments with the sales of the products up to the USD 525 million when the product was sold as we speak.
And then Kevin is one of the founders and he's venture capitalist. And Blake Mandell is one of the co-founder and is the CEO today. And Dr. Benjamin Kelmendi is the psychiatrist from Yale University. And Dr. Benjamin is working on the ketamine and TSND-201. He works on that plus psilocybin, ketamine, psilocybin, 201, and he drove to get clinical data, not just the efficacy. Why it happened the neuro circuits platforms. Those are the areas of his basic research. And now it is working -- we are working on the Phase III TSND-201 study and labeling products, prodrug for TSND-201, those 2 substances they own.
And I'd like to give you the strategic ideas with 3 slides from here. And the first one is our -- strengthening of our portfolio with the late development stage product. That is our core areas of the businesses and also next-generation products, especially next-gen psychiatric treatments and I would like to have a sufficient approach in that field in order to get sufficient options. And after the Mindset company, we'd like to win another option for that.
And third point is in our CNS areas, psychiatry, we'll be working in this area for 25 years and I'd like to make the best out of this platform to maximize the value out of these businesses. And one is the strengthening our core areas with the late-stage products together. And we have REXULTI and ABILIFY MAINTENA and ASIMTUFII. We have those CNS products going on at the moment. And then we have a high level of the revenues out of this area. And whilst we have those revenue, we'd like to make sure that we have a good investment on P&L side for the upcoming late-stage products.
And we have a centanafadine, it's already filed. And we have a good collaboration with the company. And ulotaront, it's another investment for the late-stage product. At the moment, the revenue that we get today is to be invested for the next one, which now is the TSND-201, and it is a good strategic decision. And then in order to get this late-stage product be approved to have a commercial stage. And whilst we have good revenues of the ongoing products, we'd like to make sure that we get those profit to be invested in the next portfolio.
And next-generation approach. So there's a high expectation of the next-generation treatment approach, and it is important to strengthen the portfolio in a strategic fashion. And for us, when we say strategy or strategic, we can explain that word in 3 ways. One is the indication. Second is a variety of the mechanism. And third point, as I said before, continuity and the timing of the businesses.
And let me explain with the indications. PTSD in the U.S. is to come with the TRD, resistant depression (sic) [ treatment-resistant depression ], and there are many people suffer from that. And there are 2 SSRIs, which were approved 22 years ago, only 2 drugs indicated for that condition for the PTSD. And half of those patients have resistant conditions for those drugs. Because of that, as you know, REXULTI would now completed PTSD Phase III, and we are working on the conversation with the FDA responses and inquiries and so on. And we actually had those processes. However, it wasn't approved, unfortunately. But the knowledge we have acquired now will be utilized for the upcoming project.
And second point is the mechanism or science. So when we say next generation in a different context, probably when we say that in the psychiatry field, you would imagine a little bit differently, maybe the doctors' understanding may be different from that of patients, the high efficacy and rapid acting and persistence. And basically, patients will come and then get a prescription. And when they leave the office of the doctor, the doctor can say, after a week, you can get good efficacy, feeling better. So the rapid action is expected. And also the doctor could say, maybe you could stay at home for 2, 3 months with the drug so that if you're feeling unwell, you can come back 3 months later, meaning that persistence of the efficacy is expected. As Dr. Benjamin researched, probably in this stage -- in that stage of the patients after the prescription, there could be the neuroplasticity happening that will probably change the pathology in a way.
And then on the right-hand side, so out of the new generation psychiatry portfolio, the optionality or variety of the product could be looked for. So we had acquisition of the 2020 -- MSP-2020 to [ 2013 ], and we are working on the various studies at this moment. And then out of that product, we would now to get more research for the products without the hallucination and so on. And actually, this product has a totally different mechanism. It is categorized as the monoamine releaser, and I'll give you more information about this product in the second half.
And third point, in the United States, in the 25 years until now, we have been working on the commercialization and the clinical development of various products for the schizophrenia, Alzheimer's and so on. And we, of course, worked on the PTSD as well in addition to AD agitation, schizophrenia and so on. And we have good experiences and would like to take advantage of our experiences in the regulatory processes. And also for the commercialization processes, we would like to see the interventional clinics and those treatments will be provided in those clinics because of -- which you might think that our sales efforts could be contained in a different -- in a limited arena. However, in this case, the general psychiatric specialists will be looking after those patients, not just those clinics. And we have established a very broad psychiatry platform in the United States by which we can discover patients, and it is important to be able to deliver the products to those patients.
Let me go into the overview of the compound. Next page, please. Regarding this drug, this is monoamine releaser to -- with MOA to promote release of monoamines such as dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine. As you can see in the footnote, regarding the selectivity, which is high, there is no serotonin 5-HT2A agonist activity. And VMAT2 inhibition is not existent, which will lead to the conditions. Other GPRC (sic) [ GPCR ] is also being screened, and we confirm there is no interaction. Biology-wise, this would promote the reorganization of neuronal circuits in PTSD patients to induce neuroplasticity as we have confirmed in nonclinical studies.
By administering this drug in nonclinical studies, BDNF would be increased. And neuronal process number and length would be increased by 2x or 3x, and we are expecting the reorganization of the neuronal circuits. We are promoting the development in PTSD in nonclinical settings, PTSD, depression, anxiety, the 3 models are demonstrating high effectiveness, robust effectiveness.
Next page, please. As you know, PTSD patients in 2030 are expected to reach 14 million in the United States, as I said at the outset, regardless of the time, it's twice as much compared to TRD patient population. There has been no new approved drugs for more than 20 years.
Next page, please. TSND-201 Phase II study is already completed. Let me talk about it. Regarding this drug, based on the Phase II study results in the United States, breakthrough therapy designation was granted in the U.S. This is a clinical study. Please look at the scheme at the bottom of this page. IMPACT-1 is the name of the Phase II study. More than 60 patients were randomized 1:1 to the active drug, the placebo. The active drug or placebo, to get the drugs -- this is Friday.
Patients come, for example, on Friday. And in the office, oral capsule will be obtained 150-milligram capsule would be obtained. After 90 minutes, the second capsule 100 milligram would be obtained. And in the reclining chair, there's going to be safety monitoring, and then they can go home on the same day for this treatment. And this is repeated 4 times. That's considered 1 cycle. So they would come back next Friday as well as the Friday, the following week, and they would come again to complete this treatment cycle. And after about 6 weeks, primary endpoint would be measured. Primary endpoint is PTSD primary endpoint, CAPS-5 clinical score.
In this study, at each study site, the investigators would not perform the rating. If there is a lot of interaction with the patients, a lot of information could be obtained. So at central centers, monitor physicians who have not met the subjects would interview with the subject to rate the CAPS-5. This is the central rater system. Also in Phase III to avoid any possible bias, we are planning to use the central rater system. The study results were published already in JAMA Psychiatry. As for the study sites, as I mentioned, it's going to be specialized centers and J&J SPRAVATO as commercial products twice a week. They have to come to specialized centers. There is about 2-hour safety monitoring before they go home. So that's continued twice a week. This is clinically applied already.
Based on those results, 6,000 clinics in the United States have been launched in these settings. Already, Phase III is completed for compassion, psilocybin, which also requires monitoring. So similar clinics are going to be utilized. This is clinical data, 201 Phase II study, primary endpoint with CAPS-5. TSND-201 is the curve, which is a declining trend. The upper curve is for the placebo. There are a few points to note. First, the timing of administration. If you look at the left bottom, there is an upper arrow 4 time administration with a 1-week interval, respectively. After the -- without waiting for the 4 administrations, there is an early separation compared to the placebo. After the fourth administration, there's going to be no more treatment. But even after that, treatment effectiveness is sustained, as you can see here. And regarding this drug, in this clinical study, placebo curve behavior, REXULTI Phase III successful study and the placebo effect here is almost similar.
Next page, please. This is about safety. There was no discontinuation due to adverse events and favorable tolerability was confirmed. Many of the adverse events were mild to moderate and exposure period was not so long. If you look at the blood concentrations, the events were transient and they were resolved within a short period of time. Serotonin agonist, there is no action activity.
So there is no hallucinogenic effects we didn't capture in the study. So the typical hallucinogenic effects known to be associated with psychedelic agents were observed. No hallucinogenic effect was seen and the rationale for monitoring based on the following symptoms: blood pressure elevation, 1.3%, but it was a mild blood pressure elevation of which it was transient. And also, there can be elevation in the feelings. So we have monitoring period for Phase II and Phase III studies as well.
Phase III clinical study is shown on this page. As I mentioned, breakthrough therapy designation was granted. So with FDA, Type B meeting was held to discuss the Phase III study design already. Transcend Therapeutics clinical development team has a similar clinical development philosophy like Otsuka Pharmaceutical. So if the study is successful, Phase III study is implemented without changing the study design. That's their belief. So other than the increase of the number of arms to 3, Phase II study design is being followed in Phase III as well. One Phase III study, EMPOWER-1, we have a sample size of 300, and it's going to be a randomization 1:1:1. And for dosings will be planned as Phase II.
More recently, likewise treatment received CRL from FDA. The reason for CRL was disclosed. Like, advisory meeting discussions occurred. And based on those, and also, we had a Type B meeting with FDA, and we determined the study design. Primary endpoint is going to be CAPS-5 and functional unblinding is something we are going to avoid as much as possible based on this study design. CAPS-5 demonstrated a very good response in Phase II, but CAPS-5 total score, I think -- we think it is very good. But if you have a breakdown of CAPS-5, JAMA Psychiatry carried the breakdown there.
There are 4 major segments in CAPS-5. One is the intrusion of the past memories, which patients cannot handle on their own, that past memory would intrude. This is the intrusion category. Maybe because of that, alertness is very high. Patients are very sensitive all the time. Alert level is very high. If there is somebody knocks on the door, they may be very surprised or they may not be able to fall asleep. And this is an alertness related segment.
Number three, something can be a trigger to have the bad experiences coming into them. So they try to avoid triggers. They don't go to a certain place. They don't try not to smell a certain odor. So there is the escape intended avoidance symptom. Number four, to lose their self-esteem because of this. There are 4 components in CAPS-5. In particular, the intrusion is the first cluster. Memories would reemerge in your mind. In order to avoid it, they place -- they avoid places or behaviors. So escape is a very specific symptom of PTSD, not just the total score of CAPS-5, but there is a very good response for each of the components. So we judged this is a very good compound.
Next page, please. This is a future plan. Now Phase III was initiated last month in March 2026. In 2023, in June, FDA issued the psychiatric guidance, we are referring to that. And based on the agreement with FDA, we'd like to implement an appropriate development program. Phase III study, 2 Phase III studies would be required according to understanding. We are aiming to launch in the United States in around 2030.
Last page, please. With the acquisition of Transcend Therapeutics, we acquired late-stage asset, TSND-201. Together with mindset, we can expand the optionalities for next-generation psychiatric treatment approaches. REXULTI, MAINTENA are using a big psychiatric business platform with which we'd like to maximize the value by leveraging the platform. That's all from me.
Otsuka Holdings — Otsuka Holdings Co., Ltd., Transcend Therapeutics, Inc. - M&A Call
🎯 Key Message
- Summary: Otsuka expands its CNS leadership by acquiring Transcend Therapeutics, gaining TSND-201, a rapid-acting PTSD program. Upfront USD 700 million plus up to USD 525 million in milestones; TSND-201 is a non-hallucinogenic monoamine releaser with Phase II data and FDA Breakthrough designation. The asset complements Mindset and existing CNS franchises, with US launch targeted around 2030.
🧭 Strategic Highlights
- Asset & data: TSND-201 Phase II showed rapid PTSD response; Breakthrough Therapy designation; Phase III planned with FDA alignment and central raters.
- Strategic fit: Strengthens late-stage portfolio and links with Mindset, plus REXULTI/ABILIFY MAINTENA for a broad US clinician network.
- Regulatory & timing: USD 700m upfront + milestones; Phase III started March 2026; FDA CRL prompted design considerations; US launch targeted circa 2030.
🆕 New Information
- Acquisition status: Transcend acquisition closed; TSND-201 adds a late-stage PTSD asset.
- Clinical & regulatory: Phase II data with Breakthrough designation; Phase III initiation in March 2026; central rater design; two Phase III trials; FDA guidance ongoing; US launch targeted around 2030.
⚡ Bottom Line
- Impact: Adds a late-stage PTSD asset to Otsuka's CNS platform and potential long-term growth, leveraging existing sales channels toward a 2030 US launch. Risks include regulatory hurdles and a multi-year development timeline, but pipeline optionality improves shareholder value.
Otsuka Holdings — Q4 2025 Earnings Call
1. Management Discussion
Thank you for taking time to join Otsuka Holdings financial results briefing today. I am Inoue, President and CEO. Before getting into the details of our FY 2025 financial results, I would like to begin by sharing our mid- to long-term strategies. It has now been about 1 year since I assumed the role of President. During this time, we have made several important decisions ranging from research and development initiatives to asset acquisitions and strategic alliances. While we have previously discussed these topics individually, today, I would like to present how all of these actions fit together within the broader context of our sustainable growth. I hope you will consider them within this strategic framework as you listen to the explanations from our CFO, Makino, as well as the pipeline update from Emura of IR.
As a starting point, I would like to outline our fundamental idea, how we envision Otsuka's growth towards 2035 and how we plan to strengthen our business portfolio to achieve that vision. First, I'd like to explain the progress of the 4th mid-term plan. In FY 2025, we achieved significant results in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical businesses, leading to record highs in both revenue and business profit. In FY 2026, both Pharma and NC businesses are set to continue driving growth. Although profit is expected to decrease due to the LOE impact on key products and aggressive growth investments, we remain committed to investing for sustainable growth. With the various measures we have implemented so far, we expect to return to a growth trajectory at an early stage.
Today, I would like to talk about the strategies that involve various initiatives we are promoting to address the issues beyond the 4th mid-term plan. Focusing on health care-related social issues and leveraging our unique scientific capabilities, we are working to strengthen our business portfolio to achieve mid- to long-term growth through combining internal and external sciences. We will strive to acquire external assets from multiple perspectives to ensure an optimal portfolio balance. At the same time, we will continue implementing initiatives to establish a new business pillar. In the long term, we will allocate the necessary management resources to enable our research organization to consistently generate original pipeline assets and products. From a mid- to long-term perspective, we are deepening existing businesses while expanding our portfolio by building next-generation core areas.
Today, I would like to explain strategy of each therapeutic area. First, I would like to explain the future direction of one of our areas of strength, psychiatry and neurology. Many disorders in this area still lack well-established treatments due to the inherent challenges in both clinical development and disease complexity. We believe this is precisely why Otsuka should continue to take on this challenge. Through the development and the commercialization of ABILIFY, we have overcome what has long been considered insurmountable, achieving clinical trial successes and approvals of difficult indications where no treatment options had previously existed. The know-how we accumulated through this experience is a tremendous asset for Otsuka and now forms the foundation for our next stage of growth.
Leveraging this foundation, we have been able to acquire significant external science. The assets based on such science are progressing towards commercialization within about 7 to 8 years. Among the external science we have brought in, our psychedelics have the potential to drive a true paradigm shift in psychiatry. For example, depression often remains difficult to treat, and we are pursuing the development of a novel mechanism of action drug that can deliver sustained effect with a single administration, aiming to offer intervention towards curative treatment. In addition, for diseases that still lack any approved therapies, we will continue taking on new challenges using innovative approaches emerging from drug discovery platforms. These efforts are expected to lead to new breakthrough.
Going forward, to further strengthen our leadership position, we are actively engaging in unique and pioneering scientific approaches that go beyond conventional drug discovery theories. Through these continued efforts to create innovation, we will deliver new value to society. Next, I would like to discuss our efforts in the autoimmune space. Through the acquisition of external innovative science, Visterra in 2018 and Jnana Therapeutics in 2024, which poses small molecule discovery technologies targeting previous anted proteins, we have significantly strengthened our scientific foundation. We have also welcomed talent with MD degree with proven track record of developing key autoimmune products, thereby enhancing our organizational capabilities for commercialization.
Visterra's VOYXACT achieved approval for IgA nephropathy approximately 7 years after our acquisition, demonstrating the effectiveness of our approach. We believe the sales penetration of VOYXACT is progressing well, performing favorably compared with existing therapies. Looking ahead, we are advancing development of for disease and also considering additional indication for the LCM. Our current pipeline spans a broad set of targets, including B cells, complements and cytokines, while focusing on mechanisms that address the root causes of autoimmune diseases. We feel increasingly confident that these programs have the potential to position Otsuka as a top player in this field. Towards 2030, we aim to achieve 3 PoC milestones, steadily advancing to position autoimmune diseases as a future core area. We have been carefully making preparations while reflecting market developments and have further been accelerating our initiatives following Jnana acquisition.
We now believe that the foundation required to compete and succeed in the autoimmune space is firmly in place, and we will continue driving our efforts to make sure that we generate meaningful results. The last part of pharmaceutical business strategy is a specialty area. Through sales of experience in JYNARQUE, we have built a business foundation by accumulating know-how such as networks, specialists, regulatory strategy and market access. We have acquired assets to utilize this business foundation and repinatrabit is expected to become a blockbuster. Repinatrabit acquired in 2024 is set to be filed for approval in FY 2028. Accordingly, we are accelerating development in the rare disease area, aiming to bring acquired programs to commercialization within roughly 5 years of acquisition.
Next, I will explain NC global expansion initiatives, taking POCARI SWEAT strategy as an example. POCARI SWEAT has been steadily building brand equity, notably in Asia. In particular, overseas sales volume has exceeded 60% of the total, becoming a growth driver. To achieve further growth, in addition to expanding geographic areas, we will establish plants to develop production and supply chain infrastructure to support mid- to long-term growth. In the U.S., we are working to embed the new concept of caring hydration among consumers through POCARI SWEAT and taking on the challenge of creating value based on evidence in collaboration with KOLs, government agencies and others. We will also promote initiatives to offer science-based products that address escalating global social issues such as heat stroke.
Next, I would like to introduce our innovation creation system. Otsuka's management style is based on horizontal collaborations that enable each group company to fully leverage its strengths. The Otsuka Group as a whole work together organically, combining diverse expertise and technologies to build a robust foundation for drug discovery. Currently, many programs that leverage the strengths of each company are advancing for potential launches beyond 2030 with 5 new drug candidate approvals planned by 2030. Going forward, we will deepen collaborations within the group, strengthen partnerships on external science and enhance the speed and success rate of clinical development to bring an even greater number of programs to market.
Here, I would like to explain NC research policy going forward. In the 4th mid-term plan, we announced our intention to launch a new product that enhance the utilization of oxygen in the body in addition to the products we have traditionally focused on. Currently, preparations for the launch are in the final stage, and we will introduce the new product to you at the launch event soon. Behind development of this product was the research foundation we have cultivated as a total health care company. In drug discovery research, we take the approach of breaking down underlying elements of diseases into organs so that molecules clarify their pathologies. Meanwhile, NC business has adopted the perspective of integrated life science and focused on deepening our understanding of the networks between organs and cells that support the life phenomenon.
Specifically, we have established cyclical research framework of human to model multi-omics analysis, network analysis and back to human. This new product has the potential to contribute to the advancement of this integrated understanding of life. Going forward, we will continue our efforts to connect drug discovery science with integrated life science, combining the strengths of each to create new value and to support the ways people live. So far, I have explained the growth strategies and initiatives for innovation of each business. Even in a highly uncertain business environment, Otsuka aims for sustainable growth by refining these strengths and advancing investment and execution in our priority areas.
We will continue to manage the company with the goal of becoming an indispensable company that contributes to people's health worldwide. So far, I have explained our long-term strategies. and we have been able to implement them due to the recent strong performance. As we announced today, we have decided to acquire treasury stock for JPY 50 billion, given the increased certainty of future growth due to the recent strong performance and the progress of Next 8 products, including VOYXACT. We will continue to evaluate additional shareholder returns considering progress of business and other factors. Ms. Makino will now explain our current business results and the capital policies that support our long-term strategy. I sincerely appreciate your continued support. Thank you very much for your attention.
Next page, please. I'd like to present the consolidated financial results for FY 2025. These are the items. First, an overview of our consolidated results. Revenue increased by 6.0% to JPY 2,468.9 billion with growth across all business segments. Business profit increased by 3.6% to JPY 446.1 billion, mainly driven by global products royalty income in Pharma business and the strong performance of NC business. Operating profit increased by 48.2% to JPY 479.4 billion, reflecting higher business profit gain from the sales of MicroPort shares as well as the impact from the reversal of impairment losses recorded in the previous year. Net profit increased by 5.8% to JPY 363.2 billion. ROE reached 12.6%, exceeding the initial plan of 10%, supported by steady business performance. For FY 2025, revenue and all profit items reached record highs.
Next, I'll explain year-on-year variance on business profit. In FY 2025, despite the impact of JYNARQUE generic entry in the second quarter, gross profit increased by JPY 100.3 billion, driven by strong sales of REXULTI and ABILIFY MAINTENA as well as higher royalty income in Pharma and revenue growth in NC business. In Pharma business, SG&A expenses increased due to higher co-promotion fee associated with sales growth as well as launch-related costs for VOYXACT and other new products. In NC business, SG&A expenses also increased, reflecting continued growth investment, particularly women's health category and incremental expenses linked to revenue growth. However, in the ratio of revenue improved by 1.2 percentage points. R&D expenses increased due to accelerated development of key product drivers such as repinatrabit, ulotaront, and zipalertinib, which are expected to drive performance beyond 5th mid-term plan. So as a result, business profit increased by 3.6% to JPY 446.1 billion.
Next, Pharmaceutical business. Revenue increased by 7.1% to JPY 1,744.2 billion. In addition to the robust performance of REXULTI, overall growth was fueled by Lonsurf, ABILIFY MAINTENA, higher royalty income and domestic products. Sales of REXULTI rose 23.9% to JPY 331.3 billion, supported by growing prescriptions for MDD and agitation in Alzheimer's disease in both U.S. and Japan. ABILIFY MAINTENA and ABILIFY ASIMTUFII continued to perform steadily due to increased prescriptions. In Japan, revenue increased with the strong contribution of REXULTI and Moizerto and others. Overall, major product progressed steadily in line with the full year plan, exceeding the forecast announced in October.
Next, the performance of NC business. Revenue increased by 3.7% to JPY 577.7 billion. Centered on Women's Health and Healthier Life, revenue increased across all 3 major categories. By area, growth mainly came from North America and Europe. Sales in climate and environmental risks category increased by 1.6% to JPY 201.7 billion. Although POCARI SWEAT sales in Japan were affected by lower consumer activities due to extreme summer heat, a strong performance in Asia led to overall growth. In Europe, Nutrition & Sant� achieved a solid performance with its main brands. Sales in women's health rose 7.4% to JPY 60.8 billion. Bonafide, which addresses the increasingly diverse needs of women, started retail sales in August in addition to e-commerce. Moreover, the strong performance of Thermella, a plant-based supplement for menopausal women launched in September 2024 contributed to growth.
Sales of EQUELLE also grew in Japan due to an increase in subscription consumers supported by increased brand awareness through wide-ranging activities such as the women's health seminars. Sales in Healthier Life were up by 7.0% to JPY 234.7 billion. In the U.S., Nature Made achieved growth through continued consumer-focused promotion and strong sales via e-commerce and large retail stores. NC business made steady progress across all 3 categories by social challenges. Here is the consolidated forecast for 2026. Revenue is expected to increase 2.1% to JPY 2,520 billion, driven by growth in Global 10+2 product and higher revenue in NC business. In Pharma business, although sales of major products, including JYNARQUE will be affected by generic entries, Overall, revenue is expected to remain at a similar level to last year's due to growth of REXULTI, ABILIFY ASIMTUFII, VOYXACT and others as well as higher royalty income.
In NC business, revenue is expected to remain solid and grow across all 3 categories positioned as key growth drivers led by products such as POCARI SWEAT, Bonafide and Nature Made. Although profit-related items are entering an adjustment phase due to the generic impact on major product, business profit before R&D investment and business profit are expected to significantly increase the target in midterm plan. Despite expected increase in SG&A expenses due to revenue growth and higher development costs for new businesses, business profit is projected to reach JPY 355 billion, exceeding MTMP target of JPY 270 billion by JPY 85 billion.
Next, please refer to the reference material. Next, I will explain the factors behind business profit variances for FY '25 and '26. As mentioned earlier, while revenue is expected to increase in 2026, business profit is expected to decline by 20.4% to JPY 355 billion due to the impact of generic of major products. Gross profit is expected to decrease by JPY 19.8 billion as growth in global 10+2 product in NC business is projected to offset LOE impact on major product and drug price revision in Japan. SG&A expense and R&D expenses are expected to increase, reflecting active investment and launch preparation for Next 8 and other next-generation growth drivers. Although 2026 will be an adjustment phase, we are committed to taking actions to quickly return the business to growth trajectory.
Lastly, I will explain the 2-year cumulative achievements for cash generation, growth investment and shareholder returns from 2024 and 2025 of the mid-term plan. Operating profit before R&D investment for the 2 years has progressed above the level announced in the mid-term plan, supported by strong business performance. It reached about 50% of the 5-year plan, totaling JPY 1.4 trillion. The additional cash generated beyond the initial plan has been allocated evenly to growth investment and shareholder returns. We will continue to allocate the generated cash in a well-balanced manner and remain committed to sustainably enhance corporate value. Thank you.
I would like to present updates on our pharmaceutical development and growth drivers. I will cover these 6 items today. This table shows the key progress in the fourth quarter of FY 2025. First, sibeprenlimab received -- brand name VOYXACT, received accelerated approval in U.S. for the treatment of IgA nephropathy. In addition, filing for approval was made in the U.S. for centanafadine for the treatment of ADHD and was accepted for priority review with the PDUFA action date set for July 24, 2026. Zipalertinib initiated an NDA rolling submission in U.S. ASTX727, EN-P11, and OPC-1085EL filed regulatory applications in Europe, Japan and China, respectively. As you see here, several assets have advanced to the next development phase with MSP-2000 having initiated a clinical trial as a psychedelic.
On the other hand, we discontinued projects related to TAS-115, TAS-303 and OPS-2071 for strategic reasons. Lastly, as an event after the fourth quarter, donidalorsen, brand name Dawnzera was approved for the treatment of hereditary angioedema in Europe in January. This slide shows key projects that were scheduled for NDA/MAA submissions and start of Phase III studies in FY 2025. As shown in red, all the scheduled submissions were completed and all the Phase III studies were initiated as planned by the end of the year. Key projects currently under NDA/MAA review are shown here. The projects in red have been approved during FY 2025. As you can see, sibeprenlimab has been approved in the U.S. This slide shows key projects scheduled for NDA/MAA submissions and start of Phase III studies in FY 2026. We are planning 2 regulatory filings and 4 Phase III study starts.
Now I would like to explain the progress on our key growth drivers. First, about VOYXACT. After receiving approval of the world's first anti-APRIL antibody in November 2025, we have been actively implementing promotional activities that fully leverage VOYXACT's competitive advantages. Although VOYXACT is still in the early launch phase, it has achieved broad adoption, including among treatment-naive patients with IgA nephropathy. In the U.S., the number of new patient start forms has reached about 500, indicating steady expansion of our activities. We aim to establish VOYXACT firmly in the market at an early stage by emphasizing its value and build a strong market position while targeting sales of over JPY 100 billion during the first midterm period, a first-in-class drug that is expected to offer high efficacy and safety. We are committed to delivering VOYXACT to as many patients as possible.
Next, I would like to introduce the development plan for zipalertinib. Currently, we are strategically conducting multiple clinical trials for zipalertinib. First, based on the results of REZILIENT1 for EGFR exon 20 insertion mutation-positive non-small cell lung cancer, we have initiated a rolling submission for second-line treatment in U.S. and the filing process is set to be completed in February 2026. Following that, REZILIENT3, a Phase III study for first-line treatment is underway, and we plan to obtain the top line results by the end of 2026. In addition, REZILIENT2, currently underway for uncommon mutations, is scheduled to be completed in August 2026. Furthermore, REZILIENT4, a Phase III study to evaluate the efficacy of zipalertinib as an adjuvant therapy, and REZILIENT5, which explores the potential of combination therapy with our in-house products targeting common mutations were initiated last year.
Through the strategy of advancing multiple clinical trials in parallel, we aim to expand the indications for zipalertinib and maximize its value, aiming to deliver treatments to more patients. In addition to the 2 assets mentioned earlier, I would like to explain the development status of ulotaront. We have been advancing the programs with MDD and GAD as additional indications. But unfortunately, for MDD, we could not achieve the initial target. Going forward, we will thoroughly review the study results and consider the next steps. On the other hand, as we obtained favorable results for GAD, which still has a significant unmet medical need, we will proceed with Phase III studies in 2026. As for schizophrenia, clinical development is progressing smoothly. We expect the launch for this indication during the 4th mid-term plan.
With its use in schizophrenia and GAD, ulotaront is expected to achieve growth in the 4th mid-term plan and beyond, becoming one of the key assets indispensable for our mid- to long-term growth. We will continue our efforts to deliver new solutions in psychiatry and neurology space through its asset with a novel, non-dopaminergic mechanism of action. I have explained the 3 projects so far. And this is the overall progress of our growth drivers, including those projects. There are differences in the way each project is progressing. For example, schedule for centanafadine has been moved up due to its priority review, while the broad insurance reimbursement of uRDN is now expected in 2028 at the earliest. However, by combining the projects that are progressing ahead of schedule, with those we are advancing more cautiously, we believe our overall portfolio is well positioned for steady and sustainable growth.
Please also note that any changes in the development plans or status are indicated as update in this document. Going forward, we will keep our focus on priorities and accelerate projects with potential to generate results quickly while continuously strengthening areas that require time and nurture them as key pillars that support our mid- to long-term growth. This is the last slide. I would like to explain the status of our efforts to develop growth drivers for sustainable growth. We have actively invested in the development of the next-generation growth drivers, including Next 8 assets. During this process, there were some studies that did not progress as expected and projects that required a review of the launch timing. At the same time, however, several assets have shown stronger growth potential since the initial announcement of the 4th mid-term plan.
In addition, we are making investments in specialty autoimmune space as a new core area, which we expect will lead to the creation of new value beyond what could be achieved within our existing areas alone. Going forward, by combining the deeper expertise of established areas with expansion into new areas, we will further solidify the foundation for future growth. In this way, while building the foundation to keep creating unique innovations, we aim to further elevate our long-term growth prospects even further. Related documents are also provided as reference materials, so please refer to them as well. Going forward, we remain committed to steadily bringing our products to market so that we can deliver them to many patients as quickly as possible. This concludes my presentation. Thank you very much for your attention.
[Statements in English on this transcript were spoken by an interpreter present on the live call.]
Financial data from Otsuka Holdings
Revenue
Revenue is the sum of all sales generated by a company, e.g. for its products or services.
Revenue (TTM) metric explainedDirect Costs
Direct costs are the costs incurred directly in connection with the manufacture of the product or service.
Gross Profit
Gross Profit indicates how much of the revenue remains in the company after deducting direct production costs. If the percentage share of sales is calculated, this is referred to as the gross margin.
Gross Profit metric explainedSelling and Administrative Expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses (SG&A) include all expenses for marketing and sales as well as the general administration of the company.
Research and Development Expense
Research and development costs (R&D) provide information on how much the company invests in the research and development of its products. The costs are particularly interesting as a percentage of revenue and in comparison to direct competitors.
EBITDA
EBITDA (Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization) is the company's earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization. The EBITDA margin is calculated as a percentage of sales.
Depreciation and Amortization
Depreciation represents reductions in the value of the company's assets (e.g. due to wear and tear on machinery).
EBIT (Operating Income)
EBIT (Earnings Before Interest and Taxes) is the company's profit before interest and taxes, also known as the operating income. The EBIT Margin is calculated as a percentage of sales at
.
Net Profit
Net Profit represents the profit or loss after deduction of all costs.
Net Profit metric explainedStocksGuide Premium
| Jun '26 |
+/-
%
|
||
| Revenue | 2,620,516 2,620,516 |
9%
9%
100%
|
|
| - Direct Costs | 739,599 739,599 |
10%
10%
28%
|
|
| Gross Profit | 1,880,917 1,880,917 |
9%
9%
72%
|
|
| - Selling and Administrative Expenses | 1,066,464 1,066,464 |
9%
9%
41%
|
|
| - Research and Development Expense | 362,109 362,109 |
9%
9%
14%
|
|
| EBITDA | - - |
-
-
|
|
| - Depreciation and Amortization | - - |
-
-
|
|
| EBIT (Operating Income) EBIT | 510,605 510,605 |
19%
19%
19%
|
|
| Net Profit | 405,233 405,233 |
1%
1%
15%
|
|
In millions JPY.
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Otsuka Holdings Stock News
Company Profile
Otsuka Holdings Co., Ltd. engages in the manufacture and sale of pharmaceuticals and nutritional supplements. It operates through the following business segments: Pharmaceuticals, Nutraceuticals, Consumer Products, and Others. The Pharmaceuticals segment manufactures therapeutic drugs and infusions focusing on the central nervous system, oncology, and infectious diseases. The Nutraceuticals segment develops and markets nutrition products such as nutritional food, quasi-drugs, health drinks, and dietary supplements for homes, medical facilities, and nursing care units. The Consumer Products segment sells mineral water, food, and beverages. Its products include Bon Curry, Mannan Hikari, and ReSOLA. The Others segment distributes functional and fine chemicals, optical inspection devices, and clinical diagnosis equipment. The company was founded in1950 and is headquartered in Tokyo, Japan.
StocksGuide Premium
| Head office | Japan |
| CEO | Mr. Inoue |
| Employees | 37,758 |
| Founded | 1921 |
| Website | www.otsuka.com |


