Scala,inc. Stock price
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Key metrics
📘 Market Capitalization
📈 What is it?
Market capitalization shows how much a company is currently worth on the stock market.
🧮 How is it calculated?
🏛️ Why is it important?
It helps classify companies by size (Large, Mid, Small Cap) and indicates their market presence and relative stability.
🧮 Calculation
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- Large-cap companies tend to be more stable, often pay dividends, but may grow more slowly.
- Smaller firms may offer higher growth potential but come with more volatility.
- Market capitalization is a useful indicator of company size — but not a measure of whether a stock is undervalued or overvalued.
📘 Enterprise Value (EV)
📈 What is it?
Enterprise Value represents the total cost to acquire a company — including its debt and excluding its cash reserves.
🧮 How is it calculated?
(= Market Cap + Net Debt)
🏛️ Why is it important?
EV gives a more complete picture of a company's value than market cap alone and is used in key valuation ratios like EV/FCF or EV/Sales.
🧮 Calculation
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- Enterprise Value shows the true cost of buying a company, including all financial obligations.
- It is more accurate than just looking at market cap, especially when comparing companies with different levels of debt or cash.
- Professional investors prefer EV-based multiples because they better reflect the company’s full financial footprint.
📘 Net Debt
📈 What is it?
Net Debt shows how much debt remains after subtracting a company’s available cash reserves.
🧮 How is it calculated?
🏛️ Why is it important?
It indicates how dependent a company is on borrowed money and how easily it can service its debt in the short term.
🧮 Calculation
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- Low or negative net debt signals financial strength and flexibility.
- Companies with strong cash positions are better positioned in crises.
- High net debt increases financial risk — especially in environments with rising interest rates or economic downturns.
📘 Cash
📈 What is it?
Cash represents all liquid assets a company can access immediately — including cash, bank deposits, and short-term investments.
🧮 How is it calculated?
🏛️ Why is it important?
It reflects a company’s financial flexibility and resilience — enabling investments, buybacks, or buffer in downturns.
🧮 Calculation
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- A strong cash position means greater room for maneuver and crisis resistance.
- Cash-rich companies can invest, pay down debt, or repurchase shares.
- But excess idle cash might indicate a lack of growth opportunities.
📘 Shares Outstanding
📈 What is it?
Shares outstanding represent the total number of a company’s shares currently held by investors — excluding treasury stock.
🧮 How is it calculated?
🏛️ Why is it important?
It’s the basis for key metrics like Earnings Per Share (EPS), Market Capitalization, or the Price/Earnings ratio (P/E).
🧮 Calculation
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- Fewer shares in circulation typically increase earnings per share — making each share more valuable.
- Share buybacks reduce the number of shares and boost per-share metrics.
- Issuing new shares does the opposite — diluting shareholder value and lowering per-share figures.
📘 Price-to-Earnings Ratio (P/E)
📈 What is it?
The P/E ratio shows how many times a company's earnings per share are reflected in its current share price — in other words, how "expensive" the stock appears relative to its profits.
🧮 How is it calculated?
🏛️ Why is it important?
The P/E ratio is one of the most widely used valuation metrics. It helps investors assess whether a stock appears cheap or expensive compared to its earnings power.
🧮 Calculation
📊 P/E (TTM) = Based on earnings from the last 12 months (Trailing Twelve Months):🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- A low P/E may indicate undervaluation — or signal underlying issues.
- A high P/E may reflect strong growth expectations — or an overvalued stock.
📘 Price-to-Sales Ratio (P/S)
📈 What is it?
The P/S ratio shows how much investors are paying for $1 of the company’s revenue – regardless of profitability.
🧮 How is it calculated?
🏛️ Why is it important?
P/S is especially useful for evaluating growth companies or businesses not yet profitable. It reflects how the market values the company’s sales.
🧮 Calculation
Market Cap = ¥6.17b | Revenue (TTM) = ¥7.25b
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- A low P/S may indicate undervaluation — or low profitability.
- A high P/S can reflect strong growth expectations — or excessive optimism.
- Especially helpful when evaluating companies where profits are low, volatile, or negative.
📘 Enterprise Value to Sales (EV/Sales)
📈 What is it?
EV/Sales shows how much investors are paying for $1 of revenue — considering not just equity, but also debt and cash. It’s the capital structure–adjusted version of the P/S ratio.
🧮 How is it calculated?
🏛️ Why is it important?
It’s ideal for comparing companies with different levels of debt. It reflects a company's true cost relative to its revenue.
🧮 Calculation
Enterprise Value = ¥5.84b | Revenue (TTM) = ¥7.25b
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- EV/Sales allows for capital structure–neutral company comparisons.
- A lower ratio may indicate undervaluation; a higher one may signal strong growth expectations or overvaluation.
- Especially helpful when evaluating high-growth companies with low or negative earnings.
📘 Enterprise Value to Free Cash Flow (EV/FCF)
📈 What is it?
EV/FCF shows how many years it would take for a company to "pay back" its enterprise value using its free cash flow.
🧮 How is it calculated?
🏛️ Why is it important?
It focuses on real cash generation, ignoring accounting noise — ideal for assessing profitability and value based on liquidity, not earnings.
🧮 Calculation
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- A low EV/FCF may signal undervaluation and strong cash generation.
- A high EV/FCF might reflect weak recent cash flow or aggressive growth expectations.
- Best suited for stable, mature businesses with predictable free cash flows.
📘 Price-to-Book Ratio (P/B)
📈 What is it?
The P/B ratio compares a company’s market value to its book value — showing how much investors are paying for each dollar of net assets.
🧮 How is it calculated?
🏛️ Why is it important?
P/B is commonly used for asset-heavy industries like banks or industrials. It helps assess whether a stock is trading above or below its net asset value.
🧮 Calculation
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- A P/B below 1 may signal undervaluation — or weak profitability.
- A P/B above 1 implies the market expects future value creation (e.g., brand, IP, growth).
- Best used for companies with tangible assets and strong balance sheets.
📘 Dividend per Share (DPS)
📈 What is it?
Dividend per Share shows how much cash a company pays out to shareholders for each share they own – usually on an annual or quarterly basis.
🧮 How is it calculated?
🏛️ Why is it important?
DPS is the absolute value of the payout per share – crucial for income-focused investors and dividend strategies.
🧮 Calculation
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- A stable or growing DPS often signals a strong, shareholder-friendly business.
- DPS alone doesn’t tell you how attractive the payout is – the stock price also matters (→ see Dividend Yield).
- Long-term dividend growth is often a hallmark of high-quality companies – like the dividend aristocrats.
📘 Dividend Yield
📈 What is it?
Dividend yield shows how large a company’s dividend is in relation to its current share price.
🧮 How is it calculated?
🏛️ Why is it important?
It allows investors to compare dividend payouts across stocks, regardless of price or payout size.
🧮 Calculation
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- A stable yield can reflect reliable distributions.
- Comparing 1Y and 5Y yield shows whether dividend growth keeps pace with stock price appreciation.
- A low yield isn’t always negative – it can signal strong past performance or growth focus.
📘 Dividend Growth
📈 What is it?
Dividend growth shows how much a company has increased its dividend per share over time.
🧮 How is it calculated?
5Y: Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR)
🏛️ Why is it important?
Consistently rising dividends are often a sign of financial strength and shareholder orientation – especially relevant for long-term investors.
🧮 Calculation
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- Stable dividend growth is a sign of sustainable earning power.
- High dividend growth can significantly boost your total return:
- If a company pays $1 in dividends and increases it by 15% annually over 5 years, you’ll receive $2 per share in year 5 – twice as much as at the start!
📘 Payout Ratio
📈 What is it?
The payout ratio shows what percentage of a company’s earnings (per share) is distributed to shareholders as dividends.
🧮 How is it calculated?
🏛️ Why is it important?
It helps assess whether the dividend is sustainable – especially in relation to the company’s profitability.
🧮 Calculation
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- A low payout ratio means the company retains more earnings for reinvestment – typical for growth companies.
- A moderate payout (e.g. 25–50%) indicates a healthy balance between returns and reinvestment.
- High payout ratios may seem attractive but can carry risk if earnings decline.
📘 Consecutive Dividend Increases
📈 What is it?
This metric shows how many consecutive years a company has raised its dividend per share – without any cuts or pauses.
🧮 How is it calculated?
(Special dividends are not considered.)
🏛️ Why is it important?
A long track record of increases reflects financial strength, consistency, and shareholder commitment.
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- A long dividend increase streak builds confidence – especially in volatile markets.
- Such companies are seen as reliable and income-friendly investments.
- The longer the streak, the stronger the company’s dividend discipline.
📘 Revenue
📈 What is it?
Revenue shows how much a company earns in total from selling its products and services – the gross income before any costs are deducted.
🧮 How is it calculated?
🏛️ Why is it important?
Revenue is one of the key figures to assess a company’s size, market position, and growth potential.
🧮 Calculation
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- Growing revenue indicates rising demand and can be an early signal of future earnings growth.
- Comparing actual and expected revenue reveals trends in the market environment and analyst sentiment.
- Note: Strong revenue alone isn’t enough – margins and profitability matter just as much.
📘 EBITDA
📈 What is it?
EBITDA stands for “Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation, and Amortization.” It reflects a company’s operating profit before the effects of financing, taxes, and accounting depreciation.
🧮 How is it calculated?
🏛️ Why is it important?
EBITDA is widely used to evaluate a company’s operating performance – especially across capital-intensive sectors or international comparisons.
🧮 Calculation
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- A high or growing EBITDA indicates strong operational profitability – independent of taxes, interest, or accounting methods.
- It’s especially useful for comparing companies across sectors or geographies.
- Important: EBITDA is not a net income figure – it excludes key costs like depreciation and interest.
📘 EBIT
📈 What is it?
EBIT stands for “Earnings Before Interest and Taxes.” It reflects a company’s operating profit after depreciation, but before interest and tax expenses.
🧮 How is it calculated?
🏛️ Why is it important?
EBIT is a core profitability metric that shows how well the company performs in its main business operations – independent of capital structure and tax environment.
🧮 Calculation
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- A high EBIT indicates strong profitability from the company’s core business – before financial and tax effects.
- It allows better comparison between companies with different debt levels or tax structures.
- Compared to EBITDA, EBIT already accounts for depreciation and reflects capital intensity more clearly.
📘 Net Income
📈 What is it?
Net income is the company’s total profit – the amount left after all expenses, taxes, interest, and depreciation have been deducted.
🧮 How is it calculated?
🏛️ Why is it important?
Net income is the most comprehensive measure of a company’s profitability – showing how much actual profit remains after all business and financing costs.
🧮 Calculation
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- Growing net income indicates that the company is managing all of its costs efficiently.
- It directly influences valuation metrics like P/E ratio and the company’s dividend capacity.
- Over time, net income trends reveal how resilient and profitable the business model really is.
📘 Free Cash Flow (FCF)
📈 What is it?
Free Cash Flow shows how much actual cash remains after a company covers its operating expenses and capital expenditures.
🧮 How is it calculated?
🏛️ Why is it important?
FCF reflects a company’s real financial strength – regardless of accounting profits. It shows how much flexibility a company has for dividends, share buybacks, or debt reduction.
🧮 Calculation
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- High free cash flow means the company generates real, usable cash – independent of reported net income.
- It’s often the most reliable base for sustainable dividends and buybacks.
- Declining FCF can be an early warning sign – even when profits appear stable.
📘 Revenue Growth
📈 What is it?
Revenue growth shows how much a company’s sales have changed compared to the previous year – both on a trailing basis (TTM) and based on forward projections.
🧮 How is it calculated?
Forward = (Expected revenue ÷ Revenue in prior year − 1) × 100
Forward growth is based on analyst estimates for the current fiscal year.
🏛️ Why is it important?
Rising revenue signals growing demand, business expansion, and market share gains – especially important for growth-oriented companies.
🧮 Calculation
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- Growth is the engine of long-term value creation – especially in tech and growth sectors.
- What matters is not just current growth, but its sustainability.
- Forward projections reflect whether analysts expect continued momentum – or a slowdown.
📘 EBITDA Growth
📈 What is it?
EBITDA growth shows how much a company’s operating profit (before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization) has increased or decreased compared to the previous year.
🧮 How is it calculated?
Forward = (Expected EBITDA ÷ EBITDA from prior year − 1) × 100
The forward estimate is based on analyst projections for the current fiscal year.
🏛️ Why is it important?
Growing EBITDA indicates improving operational profitability – regardless of financing or accounting effects.
🧮 Calculation
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- Strong EBITDA growth signals operational efficiency and scalability – especially during growth phases.
- EBITDA growth can be an early indicator of margin and earnings expansion – but should be assessed alongside revenue and EBIT.
📘 EBIT Growth
📈 What is it?
EBIT growth shows how much a company’s operating profit (after depreciation, but before interest and taxes) has increased compared to the previous year.
🧮 How is it calculated?
Forward = (Expected EBIT ÷ EBIT from prior year − 1) × 100
The forward estimate is based on analyst projections for the current fiscal year.
🏛️ Why is it important?
EBIT growth is a direct indicator of a company’s business performance – taking into account capital intensity through depreciation.
🧮 Calculation
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- Rising EBIT signals improving operating profitability – even after accounting for depreciation.
- It’s especially important for evaluating companies with significant capital expenditures.
- Combined with revenue and EBITDA growth, EBIT growth provides a well-rounded view of operational progress.
📘 Net Income Growth
📈 What is it?
Net income growth shows how much a company’s bottom-line profit has increased or decreased compared to the previous year – both on a trailing basis (TTM) and based on analyst projections.
🧮 How is it calculated?
Forward = (Expected net income ÷ Net income from prior year − 1) × 100
The forward estimate reflects analysts’ expectations for the current fiscal year.
🏛️ Why is it important?
Net income is the ultimate measure of profitability. Growing net income signals stronger efficiency, cost control, and sustainable earnings power.
🧮 Calculation
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- Stronger net income boosts valuation, dividend potential, and investor confidence.
- If profits stall while revenue grows, it may signal margin pressure.
📘 Free Cash Flow Growth
📈 What is it?
Free cash flow (FCF) growth shows how a company’s available cash – after covering operating expenses and capital expenditures – has changed compared to the previous year.
🧮 How is it calculated?
🏛️ Why is it important?
Free cash flow reflects real financial strength. Growing FCF indicates more flexibility for dividends, share buybacks, and reinvestment.
🧮 Calculation
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- Declining FCF may point to rising investments, increasing costs, or weaker operating performance.
- Especially for dividend investors, FCF growth is critical – since dividends are paid from actual available cash.
- A negative trend isn't always bad, but it deserves closer attention.
📘 Gross Margin
📈 What is it?
Gross margin shows how much of a company’s revenue remains after deducting the direct costs of goods sold (like materials and production). It represents the company’s “raw profit” before fixed costs, taxes, and interest.
🧮 How is it calculated?
Or simply: Gross Margin = Gross Profit ÷ Revenue × 100
🏛️ Why is it important?
Gross margin indicates how efficiently a company can produce or procure what it sells. It is a key measure of product-level profitability and pricing power.
🧮 Calculation
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- A high gross margin suggests strong pricing power and efficient production.
- Falling margins may signal rising input costs or competitive pressure.
- Compared to peers, gross margin offers insights into the quality of a business model.
📘 EBITDA Margin
📈 What is it?
The EBITDA margin shows how much of a company’s revenue remains as operating profit before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization.It reflects operating efficiency without being distorted by financing or accounting factors.
🧮 How is it calculated?
🏛️ Why is it important?
The EBITDA margin reveals how much operating income a company generates per dollar of revenue – independent of capital structure and tax effects.
🧮 Calculation
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- A high EBITDA margin reflects strong core profitability – before accounting distortions.
- It allows for effective comparisons across companies and sectors.
- A stable or growing margin signals efficient cost control and business scalability.
📘 EBIT Margin
📈 What is it?
The EBIT margin shows what percentage of revenue remains as operating profit after depreciation but before interest and taxes.
🧮 How is it calculated?
🏛️ Why is it important?
The EBIT margin reflects a company’s core profitability while accounting for capital intensity (e.g. machinery, infrastructure). It’s especially useful for comparing businesses with different levels of depreciation.
🧮 Calculation
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- A high EBIT margin shows that the company remains efficient even after factoring in depreciation.
- It’s especially relevant for capital-intensive industries.
- Stable or rising EBIT margins over time are a strong indicator of pricing power and business quality.
📘 Net Margin
📈 What is it?
Net margin shows how much of a company’s revenue remains as bottom-line profit after deducting all costs, interest, taxes, and depreciation.
🧮 How is it calculated?
🏛️ Why is it important?
Net margin reflects a company’s overall efficiency – across operations, financing, and taxation. It shows how much actual profit is generated from each dollar of revenue.
🧮 Calculation
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- A high net margin means the company is not only strong operationally but also manages financing and taxes efficiently.
- Peer comparisons reveal business quality and competitiveness.
- Declining margins despite revenue growth can be a red flag for rising costs or inefficiencies.
📘 Free cash flow margin
📈 What is it?
The free cash flow (FCF) margin shows how much of a company’s revenue remains as actual free cash after covering all operating expenses and capital expenditures.
🧮 How is it calculated?
🏛️ Why is it important?
This margin reflects the true liquidity generated by the business – independent of accounting rules or depreciation. It’s especially relevant for dividends, buybacks, and reinvestment decisions.
🧮 Calculation
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- A high FCF margin means a company consistently generates strong cash flow.
- It’s a positive signal for financial stability and shareholder returns.
- The long-term trend is key – a declining margin may indicate rising investments or weakening operating efficiency.
📘 Equity Ratio
📈 What is it?
The equity ratio indicates what portion of a company’s total assets is financed by shareholders’ equity – in other words, how much it relies on its own capital.
🧮 How is it calculated?
🏛️ Why is it important?
A high equity ratio reflects financial strength and stability, especially during downturns. It’s a key indicator of a company’s solvency and long-term risk profile.
🧮 Calculation
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- Companies with high equity ratios are generally more resilient and less dependent on external debt.
- Low equity ratios can signal higher risk or aggressive financial strategies.
- Important: Always assess the equity ratio in combination with the return on equity (ROE). This shows not just how stable the company is – but also how efficiently it uses shareholder capital.
📘 Return on Equity (ROE)
📈 What is it?
Return on equity (ROE) shows how efficiently a company uses its shareholders’ equity to generate profit. In other words: how much net income is earned per dollar of equity.
🧮 How is it calculated?
🏛️ Why is it important?
ROE is a core profitability metric. It helps investors understand whether a company delivers attractive returns on the capital provided by its shareholders.
🧮 Calculation
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- A high ROE indicates that the company is using its capital efficiently and profitably.
- It’s especially meaningful for capital-intensive businesses or firms with high equity bases.
- Important: A very high ROE can also result from high debt levels – always interpret it alongside the equity ratio to assess financial health.
📘 Return on Capital Employed (ROCE)
📈 What is it?
ROCE measures how efficiently a company generates profits from its total capital – including both equity and interest-bearing debt.
🧮 How is it calculated?
It evaluates the return on all capital employed, regardless of how it’s financed.
🏛️ Why is it important?
ROCE is ideal for comparing companies with different financing structures. It shows how well management uses capital to create value for both shareholders and creditors.
🧮 Calculation
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- A high ROCE means the company uses its capital efficiently – regardless of whether it's funded by debt or equity.
- The higher the ROCE compared to peers, the more value the company creates with its invested capital.
- Especially relevant for capital-intensive sectors like industrials, energy, or infrastructure.
📘 Return on Invested Capital (ROIC)
📈 What is it?
ROIC measures how efficiently a company generates returns from the capital invested in its core operations – regardless of whether the capital comes from equity or debt.
🧮 How is it calculated?
- NOPAT = Net Operating Profit After Taxes
- Invested Capital = Operating assets minus non-interest-bearing liabilities
🏛️ Why is it important?
ROIC is one of the most accurate indicators of capital efficiency. Unlike return on equity, it is not distorted by leverage and shows how much value is created for all capital providers.
🧮 Calculation
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- A high ROIC shows how effectively a company uses the capital that is truly invested in its core operations.
- Unlike ROCE, ROIC focuses only on the capital that is actively used to run the business – and that requires a return (i.e. interest-bearing).
- Especially useful when comparing companies with large amounts of excess cash or non-interest-bearing liabilities – giving a more realistic picture of capital efficiency.
📘 Leverage Ratio (Debt-to-Equity)
📈 What is it?
The leverage ratio indicates how much a company relies on interest-bearing debt (such as loans and bonds) relative to its shareholders’ equity.
🧮 How is it calculated?
🏛️ Why is it important?
This ratio helps assess a company’s financial structure and risk profile. High leverage can enhance returns – but also increases exposure to interest rate changes and financial stress.
🧮 Calculation
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- A low leverage ratio signals financial strength and independence.
- A higher ratio can improve returns in good times but increases risk during downturns or rising interest rate periods.
- 👉 Always interpret in the context of industry, capital intensity, and interest rate environment.
📘 Earnings per share (EPS)
📈 What is it?
Earnings per Share (EPS) shows how much profit is attributable to a single share – and is one of the most important metrics for evaluating a company's performance.
🧮 How is it calculated?
The diluted share count reflects potential new shares that could be issued through options, convertible bonds, or other rights.
🏛️ Why is it important?
EPS is the basis for many key valuation metrics like P/E ratio, PEG ratio, or payout ratio. It enables comparisons of profitability across companies, regardless of their size.
🧮 Calculation
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- EPS captures per-share profitability and is especially useful for comparisons over time or with analyst estimates.
- Rising EPS may signal consistent growth or share buybacks.
- Important: Always use diluted EPS for more realistic valuations – especially in companies with stock-based compensation.
📘 Free cash flow per share (FCF per share)
📈 What is it?
Free Cash Flow per Share shows how much free cash flow a company generates per outstanding share – after investments, but before dividends or debt repayments.
🧮 How is it calculated?
Free cash flow is calculated as operating cash flow minus capital expenditures (CapEx).
🏛️ Why is it important?
FCF per Share reveals how much real cash is available per share – useful for dividends, buybacks, or reducing debt. Unlike net income, free cash flow is harder to manipulate and often seen as a more reliable metric.
🧮 Calculation
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- High FCF per share signals strong financial flexibility.
- It shows how much capital the company can effectively reinvest or return to shareholders.
- Particularly relevant for dividend payers and capital-efficient businesses.
📘 Short interest
📈 What is it?
Short interest indicates how many shares of a company are currently sold short – that is, borrowed and sold by investors who expect the price to decline.
🧮 How is it calculated?
It reflects the percentage of a company’s shares that are being shorted relative to the total shares available.
🏛️ Why is it important?
Short interest serves as a sentiment indicator: A high value may signal skepticism or bearish expectations – but also increases the potential for a short squeeze if prices rise unexpectedly.
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- Low short interest usually indicates market confidence in the company.
- High short interest can be a warning sign – or an opportunity if sentiment shifts.
- Especially relevant in volatile markets or ahead of key earnings releases.
📘 Employees
📈 What is it?
The employee count shows how many people a company employs worldwide – offering insights into its size, structure, and business model.
🧮 How is it calculated?
🏛️ Why is it important?
It helps assess operational scale, labor intensity, and cost structure. Combined with revenue and profit, it enables key metrics like revenue per employee or productivity.
🧮 Calculation
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- A high headcount can signal operational complexity – but also significant growth capacity.
- Revenue per employee is a key indicator of efficiency.
- Especially useful for comparing tech, industrial, or service-heavy companies.
📘 Turnover per employee
📈 What is it?
Revenue per employee indicates how much revenue a company generates on average per employee – a key measure of efficiency and productivity.
🧮 How is it calculated?
The employee count is typically taken from the most recent annual report.
🏛️ Why is it important?
This metric helps compare business models – especially between labor-intensive and technology-driven companies. A high value suggests automation, operational efficiency, or strong value creation per head.
🧮 Calculation
🎯 What does this mean for investors?
- A high revenue per employee indicates a scalable and margin-strong business model.
- A low figure may reflect labor-intensive operations or lower value-add.
- Especially helpful when comparing tech companies to industrial or service sectors.
Scala,inc. Events
Past Events
|
MAY
21
Scala, Inc., Vertiseit AB (publ) - M&A Call
4 months ago
|
StocksGuide Free
Scala,inc. — Scala, Inc., Vertiseit AB (publ) - M&A Call
1. Management Discussion
Hi, everyone, and welcome to this extra investor call that we host due to the announcement that was made last night that Vertiseit acquires Scala. So we are currently out of office, but did yesterday finalize the acquisition of Scala, which we will give some further information during this call.
We will give a brief presentation on the background and about Scala as a brand and as a company. We will go through the acquisition rationale, the structure. And by the end, we will also open up for questions. [Operator Instructions]
And we who host this call today is me, Jonas Lagerqvist. I'm the Deputy CEO and CFO of Vertiseit. And on the other line, we have Johan Lind, CEO of the Vertiseit Group. Please, Johan, go ahead.
Yes. So starting off with like a brief introduction to Scala. For those who have followed the Vertiseit journey and the digital signage space. Scala is actually the pioneer in the industry. The company was founded already 1987 in Norway. It eventually moved their headquarters to the U.S. and was then acquired by Stratacache, at the time, the largest integrator within our industry.
So it's a company that are having a real global presence of customers and partners. They have a really strong brand since they are a pioneer in the industry. So I think it's fair to say it's the most well-known brand globally. And they have a large installed base. It's -- we will look through into the details. But for us, it means that we had a top line of SEK 200 million. We had an ARR of SEK 85 million.
We will have a profitability after synergies that we will realized throughout the year of SEK 35 million. And the company has 100 employees. But since this is a share and asset deal, not everyone will join in, but the details on that, we will take after closing. I think this is also like why it fits in is that we know the Scala business really well because we -- when we founded Vertiseit in 2008, we actually become a Scala partner ourselves. So we were a Scala partner until 2016.
So when Stratacache joined in and they actually changed their go-to-market strategy with a mixed strategy of direct sales and partner sales. We said that this doesn't fit us. So that we decided to acquire Dise and we basically copied the former Scala strategy for Dise. Since then, we have grown significantly. And now eventually when we acquire Scala, adds SEK 85 million in ARR. But of course, they have -- since they have been in the industry for so long, they have a huge installed base of perpetual licenses, so their footprint is huge. And we will look into a little bit of like how the ARR is made up, but we can cover that later.
So talking about the investment rationale. It significantly expanded international partner ecosystem. It adds 100 partner plus. It adds more than 1,000 brands to the customer list. It's strengthened our global position within the store experience management. And most importantly, now we finally take after like 2, 3 years of exploration in North America, we take a significant step into the North American market since almost 50% of the Scala revenue is from North America.
But it also adds other key markets all over the world, especially like Middle East Asia, where we see a lot of demand. It adds an installed base with an untapped SaaS potential, meaning that only a small, small portion of their installed base is on true SaaS today. Most of the installed base in a perpetual license model with maintenance fees. So that's what the ARR is calculated only on their existing SaaS revenue and their recurring maintenance fees. So of course, once we transform perpetual into SaaS, the potential is huge. And we have done exactly the same move with Dise at the time.
So we know exactly the playbook on how to work this out, and it's something that will take 2 to 3 years to achieve. Their profitability will be in line with our target. So it's stated in the press release, how this will affect the group, basically calculate with SEK 200 million top line and then a profitability of 35% cash EBITDA, then you will have a pretty nice understanding on how it affects the group.
So the acquisition is made up out of shares and assets, meaning that in the European operations, we acquire the Scala companies. Scala in Europe is currently headquartered in Sittard in the Netherlands. And the non-European business, which is the majority is based in the U.S., we acquired the actual assets, so the IP and the contracts and so on. And the combined purchase price for the whole Scala Global business, including shares and assets is SEK 265 million. And it's financed partly by expanding our current credit facility with Nordea Bank and partly through a directed share issue to...
Price premium, yes.
A price premium to current and new investors. So SEK 182 million in the directed share issue, which was finalized last night after the stock market was closed.
Yes, going directly into the integration. So Scala, we will preserve the Scala brand. We will put a lot of effort into the Scala product because we need to catch up a bit. So Scala will continue as a strategic software offering within the business brand Dise because we have -- Scala and Dise have very similar product offerings. They also have at least under our ownership, the same go-to-market strategy with partner first partner only.
And so basically, the Scala product, the Dise product will be brought to market within the Dise organization. And we will gradually, of course, transform the perpetual licenses into a true SaaS offering, and we will gradually move Scala into the IXM true like SaaS software stack, but that's like a 2- to 3-year project.
We will have a device-agnostic offering so that we open up for device partners again. That was the core of Scala. We want to bring Scala to a true software play. Today, they have their own media players and more. So that will eventually change.
That was more or less it from like the side of -- from our side. And given that the acquisition is -- was signed yesterday, but is to be closed during May, we, of course, can disclose more information once that is -- once the transaction is finalized. But please, if there are any questions, we are happy to take them on.
And we have Fredrik Nilsson, analyst at Redeye. Can you hear us?
2. Question Answer
Yes, I can hear you. Can you hear me?
Yes.
I mean perhaps you don't want to answer on this one yet, but could you give any indication about the growth rate historically in the ARR base in Scala?
Yes. So it's hard for us to say because we haven't had a chance to look at those exact details in this process. So I think we need to get back on that one. But we are quite sure ourselves that from here and onwards, we are able to grow Scala in line with the growth rate of the group. So I think that's the most important thing. And that's fueled the opportunity to, of course, convert perpetual and maintenance business model into a true SaaS offering.
I see. Great. And regarding the migration, I mean, how fast do you expect that to occur? Because even if it's a good thing for the long term, in the short term, you also might get hurt from a lower share of upfront licenses.
No. What we see is like the mix that we communicated. The SEK 200 million on top line revenue is when we start, it's made up from 85% -- SEK 85 million in ARR. The rest portion is perpetual license sales, and it's consulting and it's hardware. And what we will do is, of course, that you gradually change that mix.
And then for every license also on the installed base that you convert from a maintenance contract to a true SaaS offering, of course, there is a huge potential. So the math is quite simple that it's in a very short period of time, a license is worth so much more as a SaaS offering than as a perpetual maintenance offering. If you look at the size-wise, of course, we will take out hardware, and we -- maybe we will take out hardware like 25% per year or something like that from the mix.
And then the consulting revenue, of course, we think some of that can be preserved in the group, but that will also decrease at some point. And then perpetual licenses, of course, we want it to decrease. But if it decrease quick, it means that we also have moved not only new licenses, but also existing installed base to a SaaS offering, and then you will see a really nice upside on the SaaS side of the equation.
Okay. So you will basically continue to offer the on-prem solution for a while then, but trying to increase the SaaS.
Of course, like you have the huge brands that work with Scala today with a perpetual offering. They host the service themselves. I think it's more than 1,000 servers that are hosted within large retailers and brands today, and they will need at least like a 2- to 3-year period for conversion.
Okay. And also, could you give us some more details about the sales mix, excluding the ARR?
Yes. I think it's -- if you divide it by 3, you're not far from the truth. So if you just say it's 3 pieces and they are almost the same size. We will get back with more details later on. But if we start there -- so out of the SEK 200 million communicated, SEK 85 million is SaaS revenue from active SaaS licenses and pure maintenance. And the rest is in 3 equally large portions, perpetual licenses, consulting sales and hardware from their own media players.
Great. That's clear. And lastly from my side, I guess, Johan or perhaps both of you are down in Munich right now at the event. I mean, what has the reaction been from the industry about this acquisition?
Yes. Of course, it was a perfect place to be like right in the heart of the European digital signage industry. So we are at the conference in the digital signage Summit in Munich. We announced it basically yesterday evening, and we -- after closing, we went on and took a bear with the rest of the industry in Europe.
So we had a chance to see like reaction in real life, and there were like I think everyone understands that this is really great for the partner community in Europe. And I think that it has a huge impact on like the trust for Vertiseit, the trust for Dise in the partner ecosystem because Scala has really been a struggle since they have had a mixed go-to-market strategy.
Thank you. Now we also have Rikard Engberg from Carnegie.
Can you hear me?
Yes.
So my question is -- you partly answered it with your answers regarding the mix, but you state that once synergies are taken into account, Scala will be at a cash EBITDA margin level roughly similar to the Vertiseit financial targets. What is it now given the current mix? Is it -- are we talking about doubling the margin? Or is it more -- is it a smaller lift?
Good. It's a really nice question. So I think for you guys who work with predictions into the future and based on the communication that is out and publicly available, for -- if you look into like after synergies realization end of the year, then it's SEK 200 million top line is 35% cash EBITDA.
Until then, we'll almost -- from like a profitability level, we will almost have the synergies in place right after the closing. So -- but of course, from a cash flow perspective, we will have full effect by the end of the year.
Can you -- or Jonas, do you have anything to add to that?
No. And some of these synergies, of course, come through the fact that part of the acquisition is an asset deal and hence, some of the employees in the organization then will, therefore, stay with the seller and will not come along with the rest of the business to replace it.
Okay. Got you. Then I understand. Then I understand. And I guess that given the -- what you said about the mix, I can have some understanding about what the underlying margin should be in Scala.
Thank you, Rikard. And then we have some other questions from participants. And there's a question of how much of the SEK 200 million revenue is coming from hardware? And will you transfer that revenue to partners?
Yes, absolutely. Like the goal is, of course, that Scala should be a pure-play software offering. So the ambition is that like -- the promise is that all new business are only through the channel. We'll, of course, transfer as much business as possible to partner and definitely transfer both hardware and consulting assignment to the channel.
And as I say, like if you take the SEK 200 million, you take SEK 85 million away for the recurring revenue, the rest of the revenue in equal pieces on perpetual licenses, consulting and hardware.
And the next question, how do you view further acquisitions in the near future like during this year and the next?
I think in our Q1 call, we said that we aim for 2 acquisitions this year. But now we will focus on this one and make it a fantastic deal, not only for -- financially, but also for the partners and the customers. So I think we will look at the integration -- look forward to the integration now 3 months. And after that, we can see when we are ready for the next one.
Yes. And I can answer the next one. It's how do you view the relatively high debt in ratio to EBITDA after the acquisition? Is this a big risk going forward? And I would say that this is...
Lower...
It's actually lower. So this acquisition is expected to have like a significant positive impact on profitability and already from start. So this is not an acquisition that we aim to gradually fine-tune during many years. It's rather that it actually will contribute with profitability more or less from day 1.
And also like a clarification on the 35% cash EBITDA on which level -- on which revenue it is actually calculated. Is it when the systems revenue is phased out? Or is it as it stands now?
Yes. So basically, SEK 200 million is our best guess for the full year 2027. So -- and that's also all my references to share of revenue on recurring revenue, consulting, hardware, perpetual licenses. Actually, the turnover today is above the SEK 200 million mark.
Yes. And yes, and systems revenue, as Johan said, will be gradually phased out over a period of time.
And I think that was actually it. We had good questions both from Redeye and Carnegie and also from attendees. And like always, if you have -- should you have any more further questions, you're more than welcome to reach out to me or to Johan. And now we will focus on closing this transaction. And after that, we will be able to communicate more details around this acquisition.
So thank you very much for attending, and see you soon.
Yes. Thank you, everyone. Bye-bye.
Scala,inc. — Scala, Inc., Vertiseit AB (publ) - M&A Call
Vertiseit announced it has acquired Scala for SEK 265m, adding SEK 85m ARR and a large installed base with significant SaaS conversion upside.
🎯 Key Message
- Central: Vertiseit bought Scala to strengthen its global store‑experience software footprint, preserve the Scala brand while folding product go‑to‑market into Dise, and materially boost North American presence (≈50% of Scala revenue).
- Focus: Management plans a 2–3 year shift from perpetual licenses, consulting and hardware to a true SaaS, device‑agnostic, partner‑first model to grow recurring ARR and margins.
⚡ Strategic Highlights
- Brand & GTM: Scala will be maintained as a strategic brand but sold through the Dise organization with a partner‑only strategy; media‑player hardware sales will be deprioritized in favor of device‑agnostic software.
- Financials: Total consideration SEK 265m, financed by an expanded Nordea credit facility and a SEK 182m directed share issue; Scala contributes ~SEK 200m revenue and SEK 85m ARR to the group.
- Integration: Targeting ~35% cash EBITDA on Scala after synergies; many cost savings expected quickly due to the asset portion of the deal and organizational streamlining.
🆕 New Information
- Deal structure: Combination of share and asset purchases — European entities acquired as companies, non‑European operations acquired as assets; closing expected in May.
- Baseline metrics: Management cites ~SEK 200m top line and SEK 85m ARR today, with a large installed base mostly on perpetual licenses and substantial upside from converting those to SaaS.
❓ Analyst Q&A
- ARR growth: Management could not provide historical ARR growth in the call; they expect Scala to grow in line with Vertiseit once integrated.
- Migration timing: Conversion to SaaS and phase‑out of on‑prem/hardware expected to take 2–3 years; consulting and hardware revenues will be shifted to partners over time.
- Margins & risks: Management reiterates a 35% cash EBITDA target post‑synergies and says many synergies are immediate, but short‑term revenue mix shifts (fewer upfront perpetual sales) and execution on conversion are key risks.
⚖️ Bottom Line
- Conclusion: The deal immediately expands scale, ARR and North American exposure and offers meaningful long‑term SaaS upside from converting a large perpetual installed base; watch integration execution, migration speed and partner transitions for near‑term revenue and margin dynamics.
Financial data from Scala,inc.
Revenue
Revenue is the sum of all sales generated by a company, e.g. for its products or services.
Revenue (TTM) metric explainedDirect Costs
Direct costs are the costs incurred directly in connection with the manufacture of the product or service.
Gross Profit
Gross Profit indicates how much of the revenue remains in the company after deducting direct production costs. If the percentage share of sales is calculated, this is referred to as the gross margin.
Gross Profit metric explainedSelling and Administrative Expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses (SG&A) include all expenses for marketing and sales as well as the general administration of the company.
Research and Development Expense
Research and development costs (R&D) provide information on how much the company invests in the research and development of its products. The costs are particularly interesting as a percentage of revenue and in comparison to direct competitors.
EBITDA
EBITDA (Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization) is the company's earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization. The EBITDA margin is calculated as a percentage of sales.
Depreciation and Amortization
Depreciation represents reductions in the value of the company's assets (e.g. due to wear and tear on machinery).
EBIT (Operating Income)
EBIT (Earnings Before Interest and Taxes) is the company's profit before interest and taxes, also known as the operating income. The EBIT Margin is calculated as a percentage of sales at
.
Net Profit
Net Profit represents the profit or loss after deduction of all costs.
Net Profit metric explainedStocksGuide Premium
| Mar '26 |
+/-
%
|
||
| Revenue | 7,254 7,254 |
24%
24%
100%
|
|
| - Direct Costs | 3,503 3,503 |
35%
35%
48%
|
|
| Gross Profit | 3,751 3,751 |
11%
11%
52%
|
|
| - Selling and Administrative Expenses | 3,291 3,291 |
14%
14%
45%
|
|
| - Research and Development Expense | - - |
-
-
|
|
| EBITDA | 818 818 |
381%
381%
11%
|
|
| - Depreciation and Amortization | 348 348 |
8%
8%
5%
|
|
| EBIT (Operating Income) EBIT | 470 470 |
170%
170%
6%
|
|
| Net Profit | 657 657 |
191%
191%
9%
|
|
In millions JPY.
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Company Profile
Scala, Inc. engages in the development and sale of database software. The company is headquartered in Shibuya-Ku, Tokyo-To and currently employs 408 full-time employees. The company went IPO on 2001-05-01. The firm has four business segments. The SaaS/ASP segment is engaged in the provision of SaaS and ASP type services that support communication between companies and people such as i-search and i-ask. The SFA segment is engaged in the license sale of sales support systems, the provision of cloud services, customized development services, sales consulting and skill training services. The Field Marketing segment is engaged in the provision of field activities and market research services. The Customer Support segment is engaged in the provision of customer support consulting services for call centers. The firm is also engaged in the operation of electronic commerce (EC) sites, the planning, editing and publishing of business books, the provision of recruitment and employment services and others.
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| Head office | Japan |
| CEO | Mr. Nagino |
| Employees | 408 |
| Website | scalagrp.jp |


