S4 Capital Stock

📈 What is it?

Revenue shows how much a company earns in total from selling its products and services – the gross income before any costs are deducted.

🧮 How is it calculated?

🏛️ Why is it important?

Revenue is one of the key figures to assess a company’s size, market position, and growth potential.

🧮 Calculation

📈 What is it?

EBITDA stands for “Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation, and Amortization.” It reflects a company’s operating profit before the effects of financing, taxes, and accounting depreciation.

🧮 How is it calculated?

🏛️ Why is it important?

EBITDA is widely used to evaluate a company’s operating performance – especially across capital-intensive sectors or international comparisons.

🧮 Calculation

📈 What is it?

EBIT stands for “Earnings Before Interest and Taxes.” It reflects a company’s operating profit after depreciation, but before interest and tax expenses.

🧮 How is it calculated?

🏛️ Why is it important?

EBIT is a core profitability metric that shows how well the company performs in its main business operations – independent of capital structure and tax environment.

🧮 Calculation

📈 What is it?

Net income is the company’s total profit – the amount left after all expenses, taxes, interest, and depreciation have been deducted.

🧮 How is it calculated?

🏛️ Why is it important?

Net income is the most comprehensive measure of a company’s profitability – showing how much actual profit remains after all business and financing costs.

🧮 Calculation

📈 What is it?

Free Cash Flow shows how much actual cash remains after a company covers its operating expenses and capital expenditures.

🧮 How is it calculated?

🏛️ Why is it important?

FCF reflects a company’s real financial strength – regardless of accounting profits. It shows how much flexibility a company has for dividends, share buybacks, or debt reduction.

🧮 Calculation

📈 What is it?

Revenue growth shows how much a company’s sales have changed compared to the previous year – both on a trailing basis (TTM) and based on forward projections.

🧮 How is it calculated?

🏛️ Why is it important?

Rising revenue signals growing demand, business expansion, and market share gains – especially important for growth-oriented companies.

🧮 Calculation

📈 What is it?

EBITDA growth shows how much a company’s operating profit (before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization) has increased or decreased compared to the previous year.

🧮 How is it calculated?

🏛️ Why is it important?

Growing EBITDA indicates improving operational profitability – regardless of financing or accounting effects.

🧮 Calculation

📈 What is it?

EBIT growth shows how much a company’s operating profit (after depreciation, but before interest and taxes) has increased compared to the previous year.

🧮 How is it calculated?

🏛️ Why is it important?

EBIT growth is a direct indicator of a company’s business performance – taking into account capital intensity through depreciation.

🧮 Calculation

📈 What is it?

Net income growth shows how much a company’s bottom-line profit has increased or decreased compared to the previous year – both on a trailing basis (TTM) and based on analyst projections.

🧮 How is it calculated?

🏛️ Why is it important?

Net income is the ultimate measure of profitability. Growing net income signals stronger efficiency, cost control, and sustainable earnings power.

🧮 Calculation

📈 What is it?

Free cash flow (FCF) growth shows how a company’s available cash – after covering operating expenses and capital expenditures – has changed compared to the previous year.

🧮 How is it calculated?

🏛️ Why is it important?

Free cash flow reflects real financial strength. Growing FCF indicates more flexibility for dividends, share buybacks, and reinvestment.

🧮 Calculation

📈 What is it?

Gross margin shows how much of a company’s revenue remains after deducting the direct costs of goods sold (like materials and production). It represents the company’s “raw profit” before fixed costs, taxes, and interest.

🧮 How is it calculated?

🏛️ Why is it important?

Gross margin indicates how efficiently a company can produce or procure what it sells. It is a key measure of product-level profitability and pricing power.

🧮 Calculation

📈 What is it?

The EBITDA margin shows how much of a company’s revenue remains as operating profit before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization.It reflects operating efficiency without being distorted by financing or accounting factors.

🧮 How is it calculated?

🏛️ Why is it important?

The EBITDA margin reveals how much operating income a company generates per dollar of revenue – independent of capital structure and tax effects.

🧮 Calculation

📈 What is it?

The EBIT margin shows what percentage of revenue remains as operating profit after depreciation but before interest and taxes.

🧮 How is it calculated?

🏛️ Why is it important?

The EBIT margin reflects a company’s core profitability while accounting for capital intensity (e.g. machinery, infrastructure). It’s especially useful for comparing businesses with different levels of depreciation.

🧮 Calculation

📈 What is it?

Net margin shows how much of a company’s revenue remains as bottom-line profit after deducting all costs, interest, taxes, and depreciation.

🧮 How is it calculated?

🏛️ Why is it important?

Net margin reflects a company’s overall efficiency – across operations, financing, and taxation. It shows how much actual profit is generated from each dollar of revenue.

🧮 Calculation

📈 What is it?

The free cash flow (FCF) margin shows how much of a company’s revenue remains as actual free cash after covering all operating expenses and capital expenditures.

🧮 How is it calculated?

🏛️ Why is it important?

This margin reflects the true liquidity generated by the business – independent of accounting rules or depreciation. It’s especially relevant for dividends, buybacks, and reinvestment decisions.

🧮 Calculation

📈 What is it?

Earnings per Share (EPS) shows how much profit is attributable to a single share – and is one of the most important metrics for evaluating a company's performance.

🧮 How is it calculated?

🏛️ Why is it important?

EPS is the basis for many key valuation metrics like P/E ratio, PEG ratio, or payout ratio. It enables comparisons of profitability across companies, regardless of their size.

🧮 Calculation

📈 What is it?

Free Cash Flow per Share shows how much free cash flow a company generates per outstanding share – after investments, but before dividends or debt repayments.

🧮 How is it calculated?

🏛️ Why is it important?

FCF per Share reveals how much real cash is available per share – useful for dividends, buybacks, or reducing debt. Unlike net income, free cash flow is harder to manipulate and often seen as a more reliable metric.

🧮 Calculation

📈 What is it?

Short interest indicates how many shares of a company are currently sold short – that is, borrowed and sold by investors who expect the price to decline.

🧮 How is it calculated?

🏛️ Why is it important?

Short interest serves as a sentiment indicator: A high value may signal skepticism or bearish expectations – but also increases the potential for a short squeeze if prices rise unexpectedly.

🧮 Calculation

📈 What is it?

The employee count shows how many people a company employs worldwide – offering insights into its size, structure, and business model.

🧮 How is it calculated?

🏛️ Why is it important?

It helps assess operational scale, labor intensity, and cost structure. Combined with revenue and profit, it enables key metrics like revenue per employee or productivity.

🧮 Calculation

📈 What is it?

Revenue per employee indicates how much revenue a company generates on average per employee – a key measure of efficiency and productivity.

🧮 How is it calculated?

🏛️ Why is it important?

This metric helps compare business models – especially between labor-intensive and technology-driven companies. A high value suggests automation, operational efficiency, or strong value creation per head.

🧮 Calculation